BIOL 1P91 Final Exam Review 2023
Chromatids Correct Answer One half of a replicated chromosome. Each
chromatid contains one double helix of DNA.
binary fission Correct Answer A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled
organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size,
Pr...
BIOL 1P91 Final Exam Review 2023
Chromatids Correct Answer One half of a replicated chromosome. Each
chromatid contains one double helix of DNA.
binary fission Correct Answer A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled
organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size,
Prokaryotic cell division—splitting or dividing into two parts
Nucleoid Correct Answer The central region of a prokaryotic cell with no boundary
membrane separating it from the cytoplasm, where DNA replication and RNA
transcription occur.
origin of replication (ori) Correct Answer DNA sequence at which helicase
unwinds the DNA double helix and DNA polymerase binds to initiate DNA replication.
A specific region at which replication of a bacterial chromosome commences.
Mitosis Correct Answer Nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei that are
exact genetic copies of the parental nucleus.
Chromosomes Correct Answer threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that
contain the genes
The nuclear unit of genetic information, consisting of a DNA molecule and
associated proteins
diploid or 2n Correct Answer An organism or cell with two copies of each type of
chromosome in its nucleus.
haploid or n Correct Answer An organism or cell with only one copy of each type
of chromosome in its nuclei.
ploidy Correct Answer The number of chromosome sets of a cell or species.
sister chromatids Correct Answer One of two exact copies of a chromosome
duplicated during replication.
chromosome segregation Correct Answer The equal distribution of daughter
chromosomes to each of the two cells that result from cell division.
Interphase Correct Answer The first stage of the mitotic cell cycle, during which
the cell grows and replicates its DNA before undergoing mitosis and cytokinesis.
G1 phase of interphase Correct Answer the cell carries out its function and, in
some cases, grows.
S phase of interphase Correct Answer DNA replication and chromosome
duplication occur
, G2 phase of interphase Correct Answer a brief gap in the cell cycle during which
cell growth continues and the cell prepares for mitosis (the fourth phase of the cell
cycle; also called M phase) and cytokinesis.
G 0 phase of interphase Correct Answer Cells that are not destined to divide
immediately enter a shunt from G1 called the G0 phase. In some cases, a cell in G0
may start dividing again by re-entering G1.
Prophase Correct Answer The beginning phase of mitosis during which the
duplicated chromosomes within the nucleus condense from a greatly extended state
into compact, rodlike structures.
Nucleosome Correct Answer The basic structural unit of chromatin in eukaryotes,
consisting of DNA wrapped around a histone core.
Linker Correct Answer A short segment of DNA extending between one
nucleosome and the next in a eukaryotic chromosome
mitotic spindle Correct Answer The complex of microtubules that orchestrate the
separation of chromosomes during mitosis.
Spindle poles Correct Answer One of the pair of centrosomes in a cell undergoing
mitosis from which bundles of microtubules radiate to form the part of the spindle
from that pole.
Prometaphase Correct Answer A transition period between prophase and
metaphase during which the microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to the
kinetochores and the chromosomes shuffle until they align in the centre of the cell.
kinetochore Correct Answer A specialized structure consisting of proteins
attached to a centromere that mediates the attachment and movement of
chromosomes along the mitotic spindle.
Metaphase Correct Answer The phase of mitosis during which the spindle
reaches its final form and the spindle microtubules move the chromosomes into
alignment at the spindle midpoint.
Karyotype Correct Answer A characteristic of a species consisting of the shapes
and sizes of all of the chromosomes at metaphase.
Anophase Correct Answer The phase of mitosis during which the spindle
separates sister chromatids and pulls them to opposite spindle poles.
Telophase Correct Answer The final phase of mitosis, during which the spindle
disassembles, the chromosomes decondense, and the nuclei re-form.
Cytokenesis Correct Answer Division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells
following the nuclear division stage of mitosis.
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