Stages of Motor Learning
Stage 1 Children progress from simple reflexes to basic movements such as sitting, crawling,
creeping, standing, and walking.
Stages of Motor Learning
Stage 2 Children learn more complex motor patterns including running, climbing, jumping,
balancing, catching, and thro...
TExES Physical Education EC-12 158
(2022/2023) Already Passed
Stages of Motor Learning
Stage 1 ✔✔Children progress from simple reflexes to basic movements such as sitting, crawling,
creeping, standing, and walking.
Stages of Motor Learning
Stage 2 ✔✔Children learn more complex motor patterns including running, climbing, jumping,
balancing, catching, and throwing.
Stages of Motor Learning
Stage 3 ✔✔During late childhood, children learn more specific movement skills. In addition, the
basic motor patterns learned in Stage 2 become more fluid and automatic.
Stages of Motor Learning
Stage 4 ✔✔During adolescence, children continue to develop general and specific motor skills
and master specialized movements. At this point, factors including practice, motivation, and
talent begin to affect the level of further development.
,Practice ✔✔Frequent, structured practice of motor skills enhances skill development in children.
Positive Feedback ✔✔When a skill is learned it goes into short term memory and receives
positive feedback. The skill may eventually go into their long-term memory, creating memory
that is more permanent. Encourage the performer and helps in making the performer remember
every aspect of the performance.
Intrinsic Feedback ✔✔Information received by the athlete as a direct result of producing a
movement through the kinesthetic senses- e.g. feeling from muscles, joints, and balance.
Extrinsic Feedback ✔✔Information not inherent in the movement itself but which improves
intrinsic feedback (this is also known as augmented feedback).
_____ feedback enables the athlete to establish a kinesthetic reference for the correct movement.
✔✔Extrinsic
Self-Assessment ✔✔Powerful tool in motor skill development. Requires students to assess their
own skills and abilities encourages students to reflect upon their current skill level and take
control of the development process.
, Many physical education instructors believe that _____ learning is the most effective method of
learning motor skills. ✔✔Observational Learning
_____ observation of proper skill performance by an instructor or peer is generally more
effective in promoting skill development than verbal instructions. ✔✔Visual
Perceptual- motor development ✔✔One's ability to receive, interpret, and respond successfully
to sensory signals coming from the environment.
Adolescents with _______ motor coordination problems are at risk for poor school performance,
low self-esteem, and inadequate physical activity participation. ✔✔Perceptual
Body Awareness ✔✔Is a person's understanding of his or her own body parts and their capability
of movement.
Spacial Awareness ✔✔Is the ability to make decisions about an object's positional changes in
space. (awareness of three-dimensional space position changes)
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