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English IVK
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English Integral Safety Studies
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Every example that has been used during the lessonsPresent tense:
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continious
Past Tense:
Past Simple
Past Perfect
Adjectives
Adverb
Such, So
Propositions
In, at, on
On time, In time
On, off , of
At the end, In the end
,Present Simple
We use the Present Simple:
Something that happens all the time / repeatedly:
- Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
- It takes me 5 minutes to get to work.
For facts or permanent situations:
- My brother lives in The Hague.
- My sister is a nurse. She works in a hospital.
For timetable situations:
- The conference starts at 9 a.m.
- The train leaves at 9.45 a.m.
Present Simple – (I do)
(I/we/you/they) do work
(He/she/it) does work
We usually use ‘do’ / ‘does’ to make questions and negative sentences:
- Do (I/we/you/they) work?
- (He/she/it) doesn’t work.
Note: It can also be used for emphasis!
Tip: Only use –s with the verb once per sentence:
NOT ‘He/she/it doesn’t works’
Present Continuous
Present Continuous (I am doing)
• I am / (he/she/it is ) doing/working etc.
• (We/you/they ) are doing/working etc.
• Present simple of the verb to be + verb + ‘ing’
We use the Present Continuous:
- to talk about particular actions that have begun but have not ended at the time of speaking;
• Who are you speaking to?
• Where is Mark? He is playing football.
- in combination with time expressions such as at the moment, at present, currently, this
week, etc:
• The customs officers are talking to some witnesses about the incident at the moment.
, Present Perfect (voltooid tegenwoordige tijd)
What is it:
The Present Perfect =
have/has + past participle (het voltooid deelwoord) of the verb.
The past participle often ends in -ed (finished/decided etc.), but many verbs are irregular
(lost/done/written etc.)
The use of the Present Perfect:
1. When we use this tense for finished events there is a connection with now. The action in the
past has a result now:
There has been an accident. The road is closed. (now)
Our dog has died. → My son is sad.(now)
Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He has lost his key.
There is a link with something that happened in the past to the present situation (now).
2. Finished events: news
To announce news of recent events.
- Sanna has won €3,000 in the lottery!
- Uncle Frank has fallen off his bike again.
Note: After this announcement we use the past simple to give more details.
3. Continuation: It is used when we talk about actions and situations from the past that have
continued up to the present, until now.
- I’ve known her for many years.
- I am hungry. I haven’t eaten anything since 6.a.m.
We are thinking about the past and present at the same time.
(I/ we/ they/ you) HAVE done it.
(He/ she/ it ) HAS done it.
4. Repetition: We often use it to say that the action or event has been repeated a number of times
up to now.
- They have been to Tibet three times.
- She has written 3 reports.
5. Use with ‘time words’ like ever, before, just, already and yet.
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