Summary the Peloponnesian Wars 480-425 B.C. (with source quotes)
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Course
H407A
Institution
OCR
Notes spanning the years 480-425BC, covering the events of every battle in the Greco-Peloponnesian Wars (between Athens and Sparta). These notes include direct source quotes. Perfect for easy recall of events and associating quotes. (I created these to study for my Ancient History A-Levels and for...
-Athens vs Persia
-Athenian growth of power
-Athens vs Sparta:
479- Athens in ruins , backed up my archaeological evidence. ‘as soon as their land was free
from foreign occupation (…) rebuilding their city and their fortifications; for only small
portions of their surrounding walls were still standing’
Spartans sent an embassy to Athens to prevent fortifications. ‘They were alarmed both by
the sudden growth of Athenian sea-power and by the daring which the Athenians had shown
in the war against the Persians.’ Themistocles tricked the Spartans and detained their
delegates, allowing Athens to fully fortify.
Pausanias (Spartan leader) began to be disliked by allied states. ‘But Pausanias had already
begun to reveal the arrogance of his nature, and was becoming unpopular with the Hellenes’
Spartans trusted the Athenians due to their participation in the Persian Wars, and were
happy for Athenians to take control, due to not wanting to continue war themselves.
Spartans already had the Peloponnesian League. ‘When they became conscious that their
commanders were being corrupted by the amount of power they were exercising, they
willingly gave up the leadership and stopped sending the generals to the war’
Delian League is created due to Spartan reluctance to go in to battle or lead. Athens becomes
the next natural leaders, who want to continue to push against Persia.
States that joined were those concerned about Persia. ‘These states approached the
Athenians, asking them, since they were their own kinsmen, to take them under their
protection’
477- official formation of the Delian League, Athens become leaders and have allied states
offer tribute. ‘So Athens took over leadership, and the allies, because of their dislike of
Pausanias, were glad to see her do so (…) decided which states should furnish money and
which states should send ships (…) to compensate their losses.’ ‘consider the land and
income of each city and to fix the contributions according to the resources of each’
Athens focused on pushing back into Ionia
Naxos revolt – states began to not need Athenian protection, but were forced to stay in the
League, shows building of the Athenian Empire ‘after a siege Naxos was forced back into
allegiance’
466/9- Battle of Eurymedon, ‘fought on land and sea (…) In both battles the Athenians won
the victory’ Cimon defeats Persian forces (respected leader) ‘humbled the king’s pride that
he made the famous peace’
464/5 – Earthquake and Helot Revolt. ‘[Spartans] prevented by the earthquake which
happened and by the simultaneous revolt’ Cimon (pro-Spartan) took the Athenians to march
to help crush the revolt, but were sent away due to Spartan suspicions, highly offending the
Athenians. ‘first open quarrel between Athens and Sparta’, ‘they denounced the originally
treaty of alliance which had been made against the Persians’ by 451- Cimon is ostracised,
meaning there was no longer any pro-Spartan feeling in Athens
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