Nursing 3100 Final Exam Questions &Answers 100% Solved(RATED A+)

How do antiemetics work? (i.e. what is the physiology of nausea? what and where are the receptors locate?) - ANSWERAntiemetics block the CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone) which suppresses nausea and vomitting. These receptors are located near the medulla, outside the Blood Brain Barrier When should antiemetics be given? - ANSWERAt least 1 hour before symptoms List at least 4 classes of antiemetic agents. State their mechanism and potential side effects. - ANSWER- anticholinergic: inhibits vagal transmission - antihistamine: anticholinergic properties and block H1 receptors on CTZ - dopamine receptor blockers: block receptors in CTZ - serotonin receptor blockers: block receptors in stomach and CTZ What is the effect of isopropyl alcohol on preventing post-op nausea? - ANSWERIt works as aromatherapy What would be the laxative of choice for each of the following? A patient recoverin from acute myocardial infarction (MI). A patient with a slow transit time. A patient who requires bowel preparation before surgery. - ANSWERMyocardial Infarction: stool softener (Colace) because it avoids arrhythmia and valsalva's maneuver Slow transit time: fiber and bulk forming laxative which decreases the stool transit time Bowel Preparation before surgery: increase doses of hyperosmotic laxatives which are fast working What are the possible side effects of stimulant laxatives, hyperosmotic laxatives, saline cathartics, and bulk-forming laxatives? - ANSWERstimulant laxatives: can't be administered with antacids -- causes premature dissolution in the stomach, GI distress, cathartic habit, patients could become dependent hyperosmotic laxatives: electrolyte imbalance saline cathartics: suppresses bowel reflex causing you to lose electrolytes bulk-forming laxatives: increase dose gradually to avoid discomfort When should diarrhea be treated? - ANSWERat onset of symptoms What are the causes of diarrhea? - ANSWER- infection - viral - bacteria - absorption issues - stress alters the motility of feces - irritable bowel syndrome - sorbital containing medications - enteral feedings What is ORT (oral rehydration therapy)? When should it be used? - ANSWERReplaces water and electrolytes in patients with diarrhea. It should be used at the onset of diarrhea. What is the BRAT diet? When should it be used and when should it not be used? - ANSWERBananas, rice, applesauce, tea/toast. It should be used for diarrhea right after ORT and not used in pediatric patients What is the most important therapy for diarrhea? - ANSWERORT Under what circumstances should medication be used for chronic diarrhea? What is the drug of choice (DOC)? Why? - ANSWERIt should be used when the diarrhea is chronic (longer than a few days). The drug of choice is calcium polycarbophil (Equalactin) because it absorbs excess water.Nursing 3100 Final Exam Questions &Answers 100% Solved(RATED A+)