Graded Potentials, Action Potentials&Synapse 2023 passed

Graded Potentials, Action Potentials&SynapseGraded Potentials - correct answer A small deviation from the RMP that makes the membrane either more polarized (more negative inside=hyperpolarizing) or less polarized (less negative inside=depolarizing). Hyperpolarizing Graded Potentials - correct answer When the response makes the membrane more polarized (more negative inside). Occurs in soma and dendrites of a neuron. Depolarizing Graded Potentials - correct answer When the response makes the membrane less polarized (less negative inside). Occurs in the soma and dendrites of a neuron. Reverse Polarity - correct answer Positive on the inside and negative on the outside. Is SOMETIMES a result of depolarizing graded potentials. Weak Stimulus - correct answer Causes a slight depolarization in graded potentials. Strong Stimulus - correct answer Causes a large depolarization in graded potentials. Stimulus - correct answer Causes a change in environment in graded potentials. Summated Graded Potentials - correct answer When you add graded potentials that are close together. If one waits to long you cannot add together the stimuli and they die out. Depolarization - correct answer Opening of sodium channels. When Na enters the cell it becomes positive. Hyperpolarization - correct answer Opening of potassium channels. When K enters the cell it becomes negative. Transmembrane Potential - correct answer Graded potential that is most changed at the site of stimulation and the effect decrease with distance (weaker and dies). Can be depolarizing or hyper polarizing. The stronger the stimulus the greater the change in the potential. Postsynaptic Potentials - correct answer Graded potential that occurs in the dendrites or soma of a neuron in response to a neurotransmitter. They can be: Excitatory...EPSPs or Inhibitory...IPSPs. ESPSs - correct answer Excitatory graded potentials that are depolarizing. ISPSs - correct answer Inhibitory graded potentials that are hyper polarizing. Action Potential - correct answer An electrical event that is characteristic to a given neuron, they are constants that are not graded and do not vary, all or nothing concept, there is a certain amount of stimulus that is required to one. Threshold Stimulus - correct answer -55mV=minimum amount of stimulus required to generate an action potential. Causes voltage gated channels to open and close. Constant amplitude. Trigger Zone - correct answer An extensive number of sodium voltage gated channels at the plasma membrane. Refractory Period - correct answer An action potential does not keep occurring, the neuron needs to rest. Absolute Refractory Period - correct answer Time at which another action potential can never be initiated, absolute rest. Relative Refractory Period - correct answer Time at which a suprathreshold stimulus is required to generate another action potential. Suprathreshold - correct answer A stimulus more than -55mV. Resting State - correct answer All the voltage gated channels are closed but leakage channels are still operating. Membrane is most permeable to potassium. Positive on the outside (Na), negative on the inside (K). Depolarizing Phase - correct answer Sodium voltage gated channels open and the membrane potential is reaching 0 and goes to 30. Membrane is most permeable to Na during this phase. Inside is positive, outside is negative.