Summary
Metabolic Integration Complete Summary
- Course
- Institution
Content covered includes all of the metabolic integration content
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
erinsnotes
Reviews received
Content preview
Metabolic Integration• Metabolism = integrated in a mul2cellular organism
o Each organ = range of pathways suited to physiological pathways
• Coordina2on between organs ensures organism can thrive
• Catabolism = breakdown to produce energy
• Anabolism = synthesis of biomolecules, requires energy
NADPH and ATP couple energy produc2on and u2liza2on
ATP HAS 2 METABOLIC ROLES
1. Stoichiometric role
a. Energy produced in catabolism = stored at ATP
b. Energy released from ATP hydrolysis renders unidirec2onal reac2ons
thermodynamically favorable (makes ∆G<0)
c. ATP = energy currency of the cell
2. Allosteric effector
a. Kine2c regula2on
b. ATP concentra2on rela2ve to ADP and AMP indicates energy status of the cell
i. Determines rates of regulatory enzymes at key points
2[𝐴𝑇𝑃] + [𝐴𝐷𝑃]
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 0.5 3 =
[𝐴𝑇𝑃] + [𝐴𝐷𝑃] + [𝐴𝑀𝑃]
à correc2on of the mul2ply by 0.5 puts the range from 0-1
, QUANITIFYING THE ENERGY STATUS
• Adenylate kinase à interconverts ATP, ADP and AMP
o All 3 molecules exert kine2c control on regulatory enzymes at key points
o Concentra2ons must be carefully controlled
§ Changes in concentra2ons can have serious consequences for the cell
• Denominator may change as the adenylate pool is unchanged but the energy charge
can change depending on interconversion
KEY ENZYMES REGUALTED BY ENERGY CHARGE
• Regulatory enzymes respond in reciprocal fashion to adenine nucleo2des
o PFK 1 is s2mulated by AMP (glycolysis turned on)
o F16BP is inhibited by AMP (gluconeogenesis turned off)
• Regulatory enzymes in energy producing catabolic pathways show greater ac2vity at
low energy charge
• Regulatory enzymes of anabolic pathways are not ac2ve at low energy charge
AMP ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE
• AMPK = cellular energy sensor + master regulator of cellular metabolism of glucose,
lipid and protein
• Serine/threonine protein kinase
o Switches off ATP consuming pathways
o Switches on ATP producing pathways
• Compe22on between ATP and AMP for binding to allosteric sites of AMPK
determines ac2vity of AMPK
o Low ATP = High AMPK ac2vity
§ Increases ATP produc2on
§ AMP = allosteric ac2vator
• Males AMPK a beder susbtrate for kinase
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller erinsnotes. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $2.75. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
50064 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now