The document you provided covers a range of topics related to biological compounds, focusing on ions, water, carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. It offers a detailed and informative exploration of these fundamental components in biological systems. Here's an in-depth description of the content ...
Biological Compounds
Ions
Inorganic ions - A molecule or ion that has no more than one carbon atom.
Organic ions - Molecules that have a high proportion of carbon and hydrogen
atoms.
Carbohydrates —> Organic
Ions Use in animals Use in plants
Magnesium ( Used in mammals - health
Part of chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Mg 2 +) bones
Needed for haemoglobin
Iron (F e2 +)
to carry oxygen
Strengthening bones and
Calcium (Ca2 +) Plant cell walls
teeth
Unit 1 - Topic 1 1
, Phosphate ( Needed for plasma Used for making nucleotides e.g ATP or
P O43 −)
membranes nucleic acid
Water
Water is a polar molecule; the oxygen end of the molecule has a negative charge the
hydrogen atoms have a positive charge. This uneven distribution of charge is called
a dipole.
When 2 water molecules are in close contact, the opposing charges attract each
other forming a hydrogen bond. Individually, hydrogen bonds are weak, but many
hydrogen bonds (between many water molecules) form a lattice-like framework
which is much stronger. This attraction between water molecules is called cohesion
Key terms
Dipole - A polar molecule which has a positive and negative charge.
Hydrogen bond - weak attractive force between a hydrogen atom (slight positive
charge) and an atom with a partially negative charge, usually nitrogen or oxygen
Properties of water and their functions:
1. Water is a solvent - polar molecule and ions can dissolve in water. Non polar e.g
lipids can not dissolve in water.
Unit 1 - Topic 1 2
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