RPTA 100 (Olsen) - Exam 1 Latest Update with Verified Solutions

RPTA 100 (Olsen) - Exam 1 Latest Update with Verified Solutions From the history lecture and slide show, your instructor suggested that certain early but advanced life forms did not likely have the capacity to engage in any play-like behavior. These animals were referred to a. Neophilic animals b. Mammals c. Bacteria d. Neanderthals e. None of the above. None of the above. What evidence exists supporting the claim that early humans possessed some degree of leisure? Certain crafts required time for the creation of creative designs as well as time to make. In terms of recreation and leisure, how did Ancient Greece compare to Ancient Rome? a. Ancient Greeks had no time for leisure; Romans had a pragmatic, utilitarian view of great deal of time for play. b. Ancient Greeks viewed leisure as undesirable; Romans saw it as entertainment and pleasure seeking characterized ancient Rome. c. Ancient Greeks tended to be pleasure seekers; ancient Romans focused more on culture and art. e. None of the above. e. None of the above. Why is the Renaissance viewed as an important historical landmark in leisure history? a. It marked the beginning of the Dark Ages. b. It restored leisure to a status somewhat similar to that held in prehistoric times. c. It marked a return to cultural activities such as dance, theatre, and music. d. It produced many remarkable thinkers, artists, and philosophers. e. Both C and D e. Both C and D What is the significance of the Boston Sandgardens in relation to leisure history? Most historians give credit to the Boston Sandgardens as the inception of the recreation movement. During the late 19th century and the early 20th century, a number of important events occurred that enabled the recreation movement, and the playground movement, to make great strides. What were some of these events? a. In 1906, a group of socially conscious leaders met in Washington D.C. to resolve some of the recreation and leisure problems of the day. This led to the founding of the American Playground Association. The name was later changed in 1911 to the Playground and Recreation Association b. In 1906, Congress passed the Antiquities Act, giving the President the power to designate national monuments and protect them from being destroyed c. The establishment of the National Park Service. d. Agencies were established during the Great Depression that led to the creation of parks and recreation facilities, many of which we use today. e.All of the above. e.All of the above. The word "philosophy" in its literal Greek sense means ____________ love of wisdom Philsophers often use the following kind of logic: Premise: Bill is home. Premise: Bill's car is in the driveway. Conclusion: Whenever Bill is home is car is in the driveway. This an example of which of the following: Deductive reasoning A person's view of metaphysics and epistemology play a role in how he or she views leisure. What is the difference between metaphysics and epistemology? Metaphysics: concerned with that which is not readily discerned by the senses; epistemology: concerned with examining the validity of that which we call knowledge. In a leisure philosophy, axiology plays an important role? How does the essay on philosophy define axiology? That branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of values. It is divided into two categories: 1) Ethics is concerned with the questions of right and wrong. 2) Aesthetics is concerned with the study of beauty. Which of the following philosophies views pleasure as invariably good? a. Capitalism b. Existentialism c. Dialectical materialism d. Pragmatism e. Hedonism e. Hedonism In what substantive way does religion differ from philosophy? Religion requires faith; philosophy reason. What is the first step in the scientific method? identify the question for study Hypothesis testing is an important part of the research method, which of the following is a correct statement regarding the term hypothesis? a. Literally means "under-placing" b. It is presumed relationship between variables; an educated guess. c. It is what is tested in a research study d. It is considered a possible answer to a research question e. All of the above are correct. e. All of the above are correct. In a leisure research study looking at the influence of television on childhood obesity, what is the independent variable? The independent variable is childhood obesity. What is an dependent variable? The presumed outcomes What is a confounding variable? A variable that might have an unknown or unexpected influence on a dependent variable. What is validity? The capacity of a study or test to measure what it purports (intends or claims) to study. In a leisure research study, what is reliability? The ability of a test to get the same results over repeated applications. Can a leisure research test be reliable but not valid? Yes. You can get the same incorrect results over and over again. Of the following statements regarding random samples in leisure research, which is/are correct? a. Often the populations under study are too large to involve everyone in the research. b. Nonrandom samples may not represent the larger population from which they derive. c. A random sample enhances the probability that results can be generalized to the larger population. d. All of the above are correct. d. All of the above are correct. The leisure research continuum as shown in the slide presentation ranges from between what types of research? subjective and objective 23. Why do we discuss philosophy and science in a "leisure" class? a. One of the goals of general education is to promote critical thinking, understanding the fundamentals of philosophy and science can help to promote clear and reasoned thinking regarding important life issues. b. Since the course draws from both philosophy and science it help to have a background in both. c. Science can help us discern valid information; philosophy can help us assign value to such information. d. All of the above. d. All of the above. 24. What does the textbook say about the relationship of leisure to freedom? a. It argues that during leisure one is freed from the awareness of the elements that contribute to the chaos of the world in which we live. b. It argues that when one is freed from the awareness of negative elements, one becomes revitalized and better able to cope with disorganizing events r influences. c. It argues that leisure does not require either freedom or perceived freedom. d. Both a and b are correct. e. None of the above. d. Both a and b are correct. What does the term effective leisure functioning mean? It refers to selecting leisure activities that have the potential to produce positive gains or outcomes in a person's life Which is not one of the top ten reasons, stated in the text, for making leisure an important part of your life? You Will Find It Easy to Achieve Wealth The text speak of "bits of leisure time." What is the significance of bits of leisure? Research suggests that bits of leisure time can provide context for microflow experiences. Dr. Carol Stensrud coined a term that refers to the idea that leisure can be a source of delight, what is this word, and why is it important? The word is pleisure; it is important because it shows that one talking about leisure as an intrinsic experience. The textbook identifies three leisure perspectives or forms/type/categories of leisure, what are they? Activity-based-leisure, time-based-leisure, or state of mind-leisure (spiritual leisure) What are the two essential psychological constructs necessary for a person to experience leisure according to Dr. John Neulinger? perceived freedom, and intrinsic rewards/motivation From the slide show, according to Neulinger, when a person is motivated to engage in an activity solely for intrinsic reasons, which of the following must follow? The activity would be called "pure leisure." What are the criteria for identifying the state-of-mind perspective of leisure? The activity is freely chosen, produces intrinsic satisfaction, There is a high level of physical involvement, and produces perceptual freedom. From the slide show, which of the following is not considered a quantitative definition? a. The activity definition. b. The free-time definition. c. The state-of-mind definition. d. They were all considered quantitative. c. The state-of-mind definition. The textbook identifies 8 characteristics generally associated with play or playful behavior. Of the following, which is not one of those characteristics? a. Spontaneity b. Intrinsically Rewarding c. Not dependent upon objects/things d. Always has some financial cost. e. None of the above. Always has some financial cost. Your textbook and the slideshow both make an important claim regarding the relationship of play to leisure. What is this claim? Play generally is perceptually freeing, and from that perspective can be generally considered an example of leisure. Under the heading "Some Other Facts About Play," your author makes which of the following observations? Play is often characteristic of mammals. Your author described play as falling on which of the following continuums? Functional-dysfunctional. Your author makes an observation about microplay as exhibited by his colleagues. What did he observe? In a meeting, he observed 137 examples of microplay exhibited by 37 people. Which of the following are the factors necessary to create and sustain macroplay? a. adequate time b. appropriate attitude c. an environment (social and physical) conducive to playful behavior d. all of the above e. none of the above d. all of the above During the first lecture, your instructor talked about the tendency of people to develop routines, habits, and behavior patterns that become resistant to change. He called this tendency... The Behavioral Rut Leisure education is an important contributor to furthering leisure in a person's life. What is the fundamental goal of leisure education as described in the Discovery slide show? Facilitate self-determination in reference to the unique nature of each individual. The slide show (Discovery) and lecture identified 5 elements necessary for effective leisure functioning. Which is not one of those elements? external or extrinsic reward From the Terminology slide show/lecture, Robert Stebbins is cited as arguing that leisure falls into two broad categories. What are these categories? casual and serious leisure From the Terminology slide show/lecture, how did your instructor argue that play and recreation fall on a continuum? Play and recreation are often polar opposites, for example, play is spontaneous, recreation planned/organized True or False: Mihalyi Cszikmihalyi theory suggests it is possible to experience leisure during one's work. True True or False: For almost every recreational activity there is a play antecedent (precursor/forerunner). True True or False: Games are more likely to fall under the category of play than recreation. False True or False: Thematic leisure may evolve into serious leisure. True True or False: The term "perceived freedom" refers to the loss of awareness of competing stimuli. True True or False: An example of a mind game would be Tic Tac Toe. False True or False: Your instructor suggested that Flow Theory is essentially the psychological equivalent to Arousal Theory as pertains to leisure behavior. True