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Module 3 Notes 2023-24

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Enriched module 3 notes.

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  • October 26, 2023
  • 29
  • 2023/2024
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Section 1: Introduction to the plasma membrane and lipids

Fluid mosaic - membranes are fluid, individual components can move around

They are semi-permeable (only certain materials may freely cross – large and charged

substances are typically blocked)

They are selective (membrane proteins may regulate the passage of material that cannot freely

cross)

Structure of Phospholipids:

➔ Consist of a polar head (hydrophilic)

◆ glycerol

● three carbon chain with hydroxyl

group

○ acts as the backbone of the

phospholipid

◆ phosphate

● hydrophilic charged phosphate group molecule

➔ Consist of two non-polar tails (hydrophobic) composed of fatty acid (hydrocarbon)

chains.

◆ Vary in composition which can alter rigidity

➔ Because phospholipids contain both hydrophilic (water-loving) and lipophilic (fat-loving)

regions, they are classed as amphipathic.

, Polar Phospholipid Head groups:




PI=cytosolic leaflet

Charged Phospholipid Head Groups:

, PS= negatively & cytosolic leaflet, PE= positive & cytosolic leaflet, PC= positive &

exoplasmic leaflet




Cholesterol:

➔ Hydrophobic

➔ Has a hydroxyl group on one of its rings

◆ This ring will interact with the surface of the membrane

◆ The rest of the rings will interact with the lipid part of the membrane




Interacts with the fatty acid tails of phospholipids to moderate the properties of the

membrane:

➔ Cholesterol functions to immobilize the outer surface of the membrane, reducing fluidity

➔ It makes the membrane less permeable to very small water-soluble molecules that would

otherwise freely cross

➔ It functions to separate phospholipid tails and so

prevent crystallization of the membrane

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