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NR 326 Exam #1

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Exam of 14 pages for the course NR 326 Exam #1 at NR 326 Exam #1 (NR 326 Exam #1)

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  • October 26, 2023
  • 14
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
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NR 326 Exam #1
Fast excitatory neurotransmitters - -strong, immediate action
- ex. Dopamine (monoamines)

-Fast inhibitory neurotransmitters - -balance the nervous system
ex. GABA (Amino Acid)

-Slow neuromodulators - -slow long-lasting action

-Cholinergic Neurotransmitters - -acetylcholine - memory and muscle
movement

-decreased acetylcholine - -Alzheimer's disease

-Monoamines - -norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine

-Monoamines: Norepinephrine - --mood, cognition, arousal
-Want more available to treat depression
-Too little: depression
-NSRI
-Too much: mania, anxiety states - never put a pt. Who has bipolar disorder
on an SSRI

-Monamines: Serotonin - --mood, sleep, arousal, appetite, libido
-Want more available to treat depression
-Too little: depression
-SSRI

-Monoamines: Dopamine - --movement and coordination
-increased: schizophrenia
-Antipsychotics to treat schizophrenia block dopamine
-Movement and coordination. Too much is Schizophrenia
-EPS: Pseudoparkinsonism, dystonia, akathisia(can't sit still).
-EPS sx are more common with first generation antipsychotics
-Second gens still can but lower incidence

-Monamines: Histamine - --Inflammatory response
-Use antihistamines to help treat anxiety

-Amino Acids - --GABA
-slows down body activity
-we want GABA to decrease anxiety
-decreased levels = anxiety
-benzodiazepines help to increase

, -SSRI and NSRI Reuptake - -the process by which neurotransmitters are
released into the synaptic cleft and returned to presynaptic neurons by
reuptake.

-MAOI's - --phenelzine
-need to monitor diet for tyramine, since intake can cause a hypertensive
crisis

-Antipsychotics: 1st Generation - Typical - --target dopamine
-Haloperidol
-Fluphenazine
-Chlorpromazine
-Target blocking dopamine but cause EPS sx
-Good at blocking positive symptoms: hallucination, delusions, motor
changes, thought processes

-Nursing Considerations Typical Antipyschotics - --minimize anticholinergic
effects
-minimize postural/orthostatic hypotension
-monitor for EPS

-How can we monitor for EPS? - -use the AIMS scale (abnormal involuntary
movement scale)

-Major adverse effects of antipsychotics - --EPS
-Tardive dyskinesia (if this occurs stop medication, it is a late sign of EPS, we
want to prevent this)
-NMS

-EPS - --drug induced acute movement disorders
-pseudoparkinsonism
-akathisia
-dystonia

-How do we treat EPS? - -benztropine, diphenhydramine

-Haloperidol (Haldol) - -typical antipsychotic

-Fluphenazine (Prolixin) - -typical antipsychotic

-Chlopromazine (Thorazine) - -typical antipsychotic

-Antipsychotics: 2nd Generation - Atypical - --target dopamine and
serotonin
-Clozapine

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