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Samenvatting - Arbeids en organisatiepsychologie (1018724AER)
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Schakeljaar Bedrijfskunde - Prof. Joeri Hofmans
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H1: inleiding & situering ..................................................................................................................................101 Intro ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10
1.1 Afbakening ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
1.2 Situering van de A & O – psychologie ...................................................................................................... 10
2 Historische en maatschappelijke evoluties ........................................................................................... 11
2.1 filosofie................................................................................................................................................................ 11
2.1.1 Plato ................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
2.1.2 Juan de dios huarte y Navarro ................................................................................................................................ 11
2.2 Natuurwetenschappelijke methode ......................................................................................................... 11
2.3 Eerste academische ontwikkelingen .......................................................................................................12
2.3.1 Wilhelm Wundt (1876)................................................................................................................................................ 12
2.4 Arbeidspsychologie – consumentenpsychologie ................................................................................12
2.4.1 Walter Dill Scott (1901) .............................................................................................................................................. 12
2.4.2 Hugo Münsterberg (1912).......................................................................................................................................... 12
3 Methodologische invloeden .........................................................................................................................13
3.1 Differentiële psychologie .............................................................................................................................13
3.1.1 Galton, Pearson .......................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.1.2 Mckeen Catell, Binet & Simon, Terman, Yerkes................................................................................................. 13
3.1.3 Guilford,CAtell ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
3.2 Evolutie van maatschappelijk beeld over de mens in een arbeidssituatie ................................ 14
3.2.1 Fase 1 → <20e eeuw ................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.2.2 De rationeel-economische mens.......................................................................................................................... 14
3.2.3 De sociale mens.......................................................................................................................................................... 15
3.2.4 De naar-ontplooiing zoekende mense ................................................................................................................ 15
3.2.4.1 Herzberg – 2 factorentheorie ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
3.2.4.2 Job desing schooL ............................................................................................................................................................................. 16
3.2.5 De complexe mens – Maslow ..................................................................................................................................17
1
,4 Betekenis van werk vandaag ..................................................................................................................... 18
4.1 Werk = zingever ............................................................................................................................................... 18
4.2 Werk betekent niet hetzelfde voor iedereen ........................................................................................ 18
4.3 Werken: welke prestatie leveren? .............................................................................................................19
4.3.1 3 vormen van prestaties ..........................................................................................................................................20
4.3.2 Organisationeel burgerschap vs. contraproductief gedrag ......................................................................... 21
H2: Basisdeterminanten van gedrag ........................................................................................................ 22
1 determinanten van individueel gedrag ..................................................................................................22
• Waarden .............................................................................................................................................................22
1.1.1 Rokeach ........................................................................................................................................................................22
1..1 Schwartz ......................................................................................................................................................................23
1..1.1 Toepassing in een organisatie ...................................................................................................................................................... 23
1..1.2 Veranderende waarden .................................................................................................................................................................24
1..1.3 Individuele verschillen in waarden ............................................................................................................................................24
• Attituden ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
1..1 cognitieve dissonantie .............................................................................................................................................25
1..2 Attituden en gedrag...................................................................................................................................................25
• Persoonlijkheid (TIPI) .................................................................................................................................... 26
1..1 Ideografische benadering ....................................................................................................................................... 27
1..2 Nomothetische benadering .................................................................................................................................... 27
1..2.1 Big 5 / ocean van persoonlijkheidskenmerken ...................................................................................................................... 27
1..3 CAPS-model ............................................................................................................................................................... 28
1..4 Persoonlijkheid en beroepskeuze (Holland) .................................................................................................... 28
1..5 Emotionele intelligentie........................................................................................................................................... 29
1..5.1 Als persoonlijkheidsbenadering ................................................................................................................................................. 29
1..5.2 Als uitbreiding van intelligentie .................................................................................................................................................. 29
1..5.3 Onderzoeksresultaten .................................................................................................................................................................... 29
• Perceptie ...........................................................................................................................................................30
2
,1..1 Andere invloeden op perceptie ............................................................................................................................. 30
• Leerprocessen .................................................................................................................................................31
1..1 Reinforcement theorie ............................................................................................................................................. 31
1..2 Imitatieleren................................................................................................................................................................ 31
1..3 Trial en Error ............................................................................................................................................................... 31
2 Determinanten van gedrag in groepen ...................................................................................................32
• Defintie van een groep ..................................................................................................................................32
2..1 2 soorten groepen ......................................................................................................................................................32
2..2 Redenen om in groep te werken ............................................................................................................................32
• Rollen ..................................................................................................................................................................33
2..1 Onderzoek rond rollen .............................................................................................................................................33
2..1.1 Teamrollen van Belbin .................................................................................................................................................................... 33
• Normen ............................................................................................................................................................. 34
2..1 Hawthorne onderzoeken ........................................................................................................................................ 34
2..1.1 Doorgeven van normen .................................................................................................................................................................. 35
• Groepscohesie .................................................................................................................................................35
2..1 Relatie tussen groepscoehesie en groepsproductiviteit ...............................................................................35
2..2 groepscohesie stimuleren ......................................................................................................................................35
• Groepsgrootte.................................................................................................................................................. 36
2..1 Social Loafing .............................................................................................................................................................36
2..1.1 Grafiek – social loafing ................................................................................................................................................................... 37
• Groepssamenstelling.................................................................................................................................... 37
• Status en statusverschillen ........................................................................................................................ 37
2..1 Status ............................................................................................................................................................................ 37
2..2 Statussymbolen ........................................................................................................................................................ 38
2..3 Statusincongruentie ................................................................................................................................................ 38
2..4 statuscriteria ............................................................................................................................................................. 38
3
, • Groepsbesluitvorming ..................................................................................................................................38
2..1 voor- en Nadelen ...................................................................................................................................................... 38
2..1.1 Nadelen ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 38
2..1.2 Voordelen ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 38
2..2 Groupthink ...................................................................................................................................................................39
2..3 Groupshift ....................................................................................................................................................................39
2..4 Technieken voor groepsbesluitvorming .............................................................................................................39
H3: Diversiteit op het werk ...........................................................................................................................42
1 Lagen van diversiteit .................................................................................................................................... 42
2 Enkele theorieën over discriminatie ...................................................................................................... 43
2.1 Realistische conflicttheorie ...................................................................................................................... 44
2.2 Sociale identiteitstheorie ........................................................................................................................... 45
2.3 Similariteit-attractiviteit paradigma en contacthypothese .......................................................... 45
3 Discriminatie: de lagen doorgelicht .........................................................................................................47
3.1 Geslacht/ gender ............................................................................................................................................47
3.1.1 Seksuele discriminatie ........................................................................................................................................... 48
3.2 Etniciteit ............................................................................................................................................................ 48
3.3 Leeftijd ...............................................................................................................................................................49
3.4 Andere gronden voor discriminatie ........................................................................................................ 50
4 Omgaan met diversiteit ................................................................................................................................ 51
4.1 Benutten van diversiteit ............................................................................................................................... 51
4.2 Toepassen van een diversiteitbeleid .......................................................................................................52
4.2.1 Barrières voor diversiteitsmanagement ............................................................................................................52
4.2.2 Hoe diversiteitsmanagement toepassen ............................................................................................................52
H4 – deel 1: Arbeidsmotivatie ...................................................................................................................... 53
1 De complexiteit van motivatie ...................................................................................................................53
1.1 Schema ..............................................................................................................................................................53
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