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DVA2602 EXAM PACK 2023
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DVA2602EXAM
PACK 2023
,DVA2602
exam
pack 2023
, FOR Page 1 of 29
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DVA2602 exam pack
QUESTION
Write an essay in which you discuss
how communities in the global South are responding to globalization
Whether these responses are helpful for community development
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The situation of social groups and settlements in the Global South has been dramatically
influenced by the forces of globalization. This, in turn, influences what can be done in
community development. Globalization has undermined the natural environment and, in
many respects, constrained national governments. This implies that the factors that form
the context of community development are all related and can be discussed together. It
also implies that an understanding of globalization is crucial to the way forward for
community development.
1.1.1 DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT AND PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION
Globalization generally refers to the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of
the world facilitated by advanced communications, information and transportation
technologies. This interconnectedness is realized through global economic integration
processes such as the international free trade of goods and services, the mass
transnational migration of people, labor and financial capital, and the gradual
deterritorialisation of national boundaries.
, FOR Page 2 of 29
The rapid growth in transportation technology, information and telecommunications, and
technologies for the production of goods and services has reduced temporal and spatial
distances between individuals, groups and communities and between producers and
consumers across national boundaries. Technological changes have radically altered the
way in which people around the world engage with one another, how nation states interact
and how organizations, institutions and corporations undertake business. The combined
outcome of these changes is what has become popularly referred to as globalization.
Another aspect of global interconnectedness is the emergence of global governance
through transnational and multilateral arrangements such as the United Nations and its
various subsidiaries, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the
World Trade Organization (WTO). At the regional level there are organisations such as
the African Union, the European Union, the Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN) and sub-regional organizations such as the Southern African
Development Community (SADC) and the Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS)
1.1.2 OUTLINE THE EFFECTS AND CHALLENGES OF GLOBALIZATION ON
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES .
The debate about globalization and development is mired in controversy. There are those
who argue that globalization provides opportunities for enhanced development outcomes
for individuals, groups, communities and countries.
For example, it has been argued that international trade liberalization leads to growth in
countries’ GDP (Bouët 2008), which helps reduce poverty, the international free flow of
financialcapital, which increases foreign direct investment (Asiedu & Gyimah-Brempong
2008), and financial flows from the African diaspora, which contribute a significant share
of African countries’ GDP (Ndikumana & Verick 2008).
The growth and diversification of national economies has the potential to create political
stability, to enhance gender equality since more women are engaged in the economy, to
promote cultural development through tourism and invariably to further reduce poverty
and social inequalities (Luka, 2012).
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