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PYC4802 EXAM NOTES AND SUMMARY (DISTINCTION)
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PYC4802 EXAM PREPTHEME 2
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Exposure to a traumatic/s or an extremely threatening experience
It is classified as a trauma and stressor related disorder in the DSM-5.
In order to diagnosis a person with PTSD that person has to been
exposed to a traumatic event that led to a response of intense fear,
helplessness and horror.
This traumatic event could be something that the person experienced
directly, or could have witnessed.
Or could have been faced with a near death experience, serious injury or
sexual violence on their own life or that of a close friend or family
member.
Involves the re-experiences of the event and avoiding any cue associated
with the traumatic event.
Symptoms must last more than 1 month to be diagnosed.
A person can be diagnosed with type1 trauma PTSD after being exposed to an
event of criterion A that is significantly stressful.
After type 2 trauma a person my develop complex PTSD (C-PTSD)
Characterised by
Repeated trauma
Interpersonal trauma
When an escape is not possible
This includes being a victim of childhood sexual or any form of abuse
including sex trafficking
DSM-5 Diagnostic criteria (Refer to the mind map)
Acute Stress Disorder
A psychological condition characterized by the development of severe
anxiety, dissociative, and other symptoms
Occurs from 3 days to one month after exposure to an extreme
traumatic stressor (e.g., witnessing a death or serious accident, includes
rape or death).
, Repeated exposure to detailed traumatic events (Police officers, child
abuse, remains)
DSM-5 CRITERIA (Check the mind maps)
Aetiology of PTSD and ASD
Diagnosis is not always clear cut
Because various factors need to be taken into account
One of which is that there may be other disorders that overlap for
example; depression and obsessive compulsive disorder
A proper diagnosis is led by the aetiology or cause of Trauma Related
Disorders
An event that results in feelings of intense fear, helplessness or
horror. It focuses on how someone responds to the event rather
than the event itself. Response differs per person and some
develop disorders after the event while others do not
This is because of psychological factors
Many hypotheses on the cause of these disorders
Biological, psychological & social factors
Personality characteristics play a role in how a person responds to
trauma
These characteristics predisposes the individual from developing Acute
or Post traumatic stress disorder
If the individual has anxiety, dependence, lack of assertiveness, difficulty
adjusting to new situations, an external locus of control and negative
cognitive appraisal of situations.
Age and Gender also play a role in the development of PTSD
Middle aged people are more likely to develop PTSD than younger or
older people
Due to the number of responsibilities that middle people have
Single parenting females are also more likely to develop PTSD and or
ASD because of the pressure they have to support their kids emotionally,
financially
Biological Factors
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