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this material serves as a guide to those students who will be desiring to study more about network topologies , the cons and pros of some physical topology .
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Topology : This is the arrangement of nodes of a computer network ,it is a layout ofcomputer networks.
it can be either ;
⦁ physical topology or
⦁ logical topology .
physical topology :
This deals with the placement of nodes in a network, it describes the actual or the
physical layout of a network , such as the physical arrangement of wires, media
(computers), or cables in a network.
Two or more devices can connect to a link, and when the number of links exceed
two they form a physical topology.
Categories of physical topology to be treated here include ;
⦁ Bus
⦁ Ring
⦁ Star
⦁ mesh
Bus topology :
It is a networking topology that connects networking components along a single
cable or that uses a series of cable segments that are connected linearly.
a network that uses bus topology is refered to as a bus network.
In bus topology all data transmitted between nodes in the network, is
transmitted over this common transmission medium. and is able to be recieved by
all nodes in the network simultaneously.
Also, the signals containing the address of the recieving machine travels from a
source machine in both directions, to all the machines connected to the bus, until it
find the intended reciepient .
example : if node A wants to send a message to node B, all nodes will recieve it in a
bus topology.
Bus topology is used for :
1) small work group local area networks (LANs) whose computers are connected using
a thinner cable .
1
, 2) Trunk cables connecting Hubs or switches of departmental LANs to form a larger
LAN .
3) Backboning by joining switches and trucks routers to form campus-wide networks .
Diagram showing the arrangement of nodes in a bus topology .
Advantages of bus topology
1) only one wire , that makes the bus topology configuration to be less expensive. as little
money is used in acquiring the wire.
2) Bus topology is suitable for temporary network i.e networks to be used for a short period of
time .
3) Node failures does not affect other nodes or communication in this network.
4) simple physical networks can be created.
5) it is more economical
6) Easy to install
7) Easy to add systems to network .
8) Great for small networks .
Disadvantages of bus topology
1) Bus topology is not fault tolerant (no redundancy).
2) It has limited cable length.
3) There is no security in this topology .
4) It is difficult to identify faults .
5) out of date technology .
6) Include difficult reconnection and fault isolation .
7) Can be difficult to troubleshoot .
8) Unmanageable in a large network .
9) If a cable breaks, the whole network is down.
Ring topology :
In a ring topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point connection with only the two
devices on either side of it . A signal is passed along the ring in one direction , from device to
device, until it reaches its destination . Each device in the ring incorporates a repeater
regenerates the bits and passes them along .
A ring is relatively easy to install and reconfigure. Each device is linked only to its immediate
neighbours (either physically or logically) . to add or delete a device requires changing only two
connections. The only constraints are media and traffic considerations (maximum ring length
and number of devices ) in addition, fault isolation is simplified.
Generally, in a ring, a signal is in circulation at all times. if one device does not recieve a
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