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Samenvatting Arbeidsrecht
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Samenvatting Arbeidsrecht
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Inhoud0 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4
0.1 Wat is arbeidsrecht ........................................................................................................................................... 4
0.2 Ontstaan van het arbeidsrecht ......................................................................................................................... 4
1 Juridische tewerkstellingsvormen............................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Eigen baas of niet .............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.2 Arbeidsovereenkomst of statuut ...................................................................................................................... 5
2 Aan de slag ................................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.1 Starten als zelfstandige ..................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Werken bij de overheid..................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Werken als werknemer ..................................................................................................................................... 7
2.4 De aanwerving .................................................................................................................................................. 7
2.5 Het contract ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
3 De arbeidsovereenkomst .......................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 Het gezagselement............................................................................................................................................ 9
3.2 Soorten arbeidsovereenkomsten ................................................................................................................... 11
3.2.1 Naargelang de aard van het werk ........................................................................................................... 11
3.2.2 Naargelang de duur van de overeenkomst ............................................................................................. 12
3.2.3 Naargelang de omvang van het werk ..................................................................................................... 15
3.3 Inhoud van de arbeidsovereenkomst ............................................................................................................. 17
3.3.1 Contractsvrijheid ..................................................................................................................................... 17
3.3.2 Vaak voorkomende bedingen ................................................................................................................. 17
3.3.3 Verboden bedingen................................................................................................................................. 18
4 Collectief arbeidsrecht ............................................................................................................................................ 18
4.1 Het sociaal overleg .......................................................................................................................................... 18
4.1.1 De syndicale of vakvereningingsvrijheid ................................................................................................. 18
4.1.2 De actoren van het sociaal overleg ......................................................................................................... 19
4.1.3 De organen van het sociaal overleg ........................................................................................................ 20
4.2 De collectieve arbeidsovereenkomst .............................................................................................................. 22
4.3 Het arbeidsreglement ..................................................................................................................................... 24
4.4 De hiërarchie van de sociale rechtsbronnen .................................................................................................. 26
5 Uitvoering van de arbeidsovereenkomst ................................................................................................................ 26
5.1 Verplichtingen van de partijen........................................................................................................................ 26
5.1.1 Verplichtingen van de werknemer.......................................................................................................... 26
5.1.2 verplichtingen van de werkgever ............................................................................................................ 27
5.2 Aansprakelijkheid van de partijen................................................................................................................... 28
5.2.1 Aansprakelijkheid van de werknemer..................................................................................................... 28
5.2.2 Aansprakelijkheid van de werkgever ...................................................................................................... 28
,6 Schorsing van de arbeidsovereenkomst ................................................................................................................. 28
6.1 Overmacht....................................................................................................................................................... 29
6.2 Staking ............................................................................................................................................................. 29
6.3 Onvolledige arbeidsdag .................................................................................................................................. 29
6.3.1 Onvrijwillige vertraging of afwezigheid .................................................................................................. 29
6.3.2 Arbeid niet kunnen beginnen of voortzetten ......................................................................................... 30
6.4 Jaarlijkse vakantie ........................................................................................................................................... 30
6.4.1 Recht op vakantie.................................................................................................................................... 30
6.4.2 Tijdstip van vakantie ............................................................................................................................... 30
6.4.3 Vakantiegeld ........................................................................................................................................... 31
6.5 Moederschap .................................................................................................................................................. 31
6.5.1 Moederschapsrust .................................................................................................................................. 31
6.5.2 Zwangerschapsonderzoeken .................................................................................................................. 31
6.5.3 Profylactisch verlof.................................................................................................................................. 31
6.5.4 Borstvoedingspauzes .............................................................................................................................. 32
6.6 Zetelen in arbeidsgerechten ........................................................................................................................... 32
6.7 Vormingsverlof ................................................................................................................................................ 32
6.8 Politiek verlof .................................................................................................................................................. 33
6.9 Voorlopige hechtenis ...................................................................................................................................... 33
6.10 Kort verzuim .................................................................................................................................................... 33
6.11 Geboorteverlof................................................................................................................................................ 33
6.12 Adoptieverlof .................................................................................................................................................. 34
6.13 Pleegzorg- en pleegouderverlof ...................................................................................................................... 34
6.14 Verlof om dwingende redenen ....................................................................................................................... 35
6.15 Arbeidsongeschiktheid.................................................................................................................................... 35
6.16 Loopbaanonderbreking, tijdskrediet en thematische verloven...................................................................... 36
6.16.1 Tijdskrediet.............................................................................................................................................. 36
6.16.2 thematische verloven.............................................................................................................................. 37
6.17 Tijdelijke werkloosheid ................................................................................................................................... 37
6.17.1 Technische stoornis................................................................................................................................. 37
6.17.2 Slecht weer.............................................................................................................................................. 38
6.17.3 Economische werkloosheid..................................................................................................................... 38
6.18 Conventionele schorsing ................................................................................................................................. 38
7 Arbeidsreglementering ........................................................................................................................................... 38
7.1 Wettelijke feestdagen ..................................................................................................................................... 38
7.2 Loon................................................................................................................................................................. 39
7.2.1 Begrip loon .............................................................................................................................................. 39
7.2.2 Loonvorming ........................................................................................................................................... 40
7.2.3 Bescherming van het loon....................................................................................................................... 40
, 7.2.4 Loonoverdracht en -beslag ..................................................................................................................... 41
8 Beëindigen van de arbeidsovereenkomst............................................................................................................... 42
8.1 Wijzen van beëindiging ................................................................................................................................... 42
8.1.1 Wederzijdse toestemming ...................................................................................................................... 42
8.1.2 Ontbindend beding ................................................................................................................................. 42
8.1.3 Overmacht............................................................................................................................................... 43
8.1.4 Overlijden ................................................................................................................................................ 43
8.1.5 Afloop termijn of voltooiing werk ........................................................................................................... 43
8.1.6 Opzegging................................................................................................................................................ 43
8.1.7 Ontslag .................................................................................................................................................... 46
8.1.8 Onregelmatige beëindiging ..................................................................................................................... 47
8.1.9 Beëindiging en arbeidsongeschiktheid ................................................................................................... 48
8.2 Ontslagmotivering........................................................................................................................................... 48
8.2.1 Toepassingsgebied .................................................................................................................................. 48
8.2.2 Motiveringsplicht .................................................................................................................................... 49
8.2.3 Kennelijk onredelijk ontslag .................................................................................................................... 49
8.3 Ontslagbescherming ....................................................................................................................................... 49
8.4 Verplichte documenten .................................................................................................................................. 49
, Arbeidsrecht
0 Inleiding
0.1 Wat is arbeidsrecht
SOCIAAL RECHT
ARBEIDSRECHT SOCIALEZEKERHEIDSRECHT
Arbeidsrecht =
• Privaatrecht (onderlinge relaties tussen burgers → arbeidsverhoudingen)
• Uitgangspunt: burgers kunnen in alle vrijheid en als gelijkwaardige partijen met elkaar juridisch
afdwingbare ovk’en sluiten.
• Macht van de werkgever afnemen
• Uitzonderingsrecht (wijkt af van het burgerlijk recht)
• Bschermend recht voor de werknemer
Onderscheid
• INDVIDUEEL ARBEIDSRECHT = rechtsregels m.b.t. contouren waarin ovk’en mogen gesloten worden;
verplichtingen voor werkgever en werknemer; preventieve beschermingsregel. Het gaat om de relatie
werknemer – werkgever.
• COLLECTIEF ARBEIDSRECHT = op welke wijze en in welke mate kunnen werknemers als groep in overleg
treden en inspraak krijgen.
Nuance contractvrijheid
• Veel van dwingend recht = regels waarbij men niet mag afwijken bij het opstellen van een ovk.
• Collectief arbeidsrecht = eigen/extra bron van recht (collectieve afspraken waaraan men individueel ook niet
kan ontsnappen)
Socialezekerheidsrecht =
• Publiekrecht (verhouding burger – overheid)
• Rechten op sociale zekerheid die de burger kan inroepen of opeisen tegenover de overheid ingeval van
“sociale risico’s”.
• Eenzijdige, dominantie van de overheid
0.2 Ontstaan van het arbeidsrecht
Geschiedenis
• Loonarbeid:
o Sinds 19e eeuw: opkomst industrieel-kapitalistische productiewijze
o Principe burgerlijk recht: gelijkheid en vrijheid → contractvrijheid
o REALITEIT: loonarbeid enige bron van inkomen = positie van onafhankelijkheid = geen
onderhandeling.
• De sociale quaestie:
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