CMN 571 Unit 3 Exam Questions with Correct Answers

CMN 571 Unit 3 Exam Questions with Correct Answers Primary prevention - Answer-when we are able to stop a disease or injury prior to the occurrence. Secondary prevention - Answer-when we impact a disease that has already occurred, sometimes providing cures. Tertiary prevention - Answer-when we manage disease that is chronic in order for it not to progress or worsen. Blood Pressure - Answer-Normal 120/80 Elevated 120-129/80 Stage 1 hypertension 130-139/80-89 Stage 2 hypertension 140/90 **Based on an accurate measurement 2 times on 2 occasions What Does the Guideline Say About Sleep Apnea? - Answer-OSA is a risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, coronary, and cerebrovascular diseases. Studies have shown that the presence of OSA is associated with an increased risk of hypertension. It has also been hypothesized that treatment for OSA will have more pronounced effects on blood pressure reduction in resistant hypertension. The guideline specifically mentions CPAP therapy as a successful form of treatment. But we can still look to oral appliances to play an important role as well. Studies that have looked at the effects of CPAP on blood pressure (BP) have demonstrated only small improvements in BP. The results were dependent on the patient's compliance with CPAP use, severity of OSA, and presence of daytime sleepiness. As you know, many patients are noncompliant to CPAP therapy, which is often when an oral appliance can be prescribed and used. It helps to provide these patients with a successful alternative to not only treating their sleep apnea, but also possibly improving their BP. What do I need to know for the exam? Application of the lifestyle modification guidelines will be important. In order for you to talk with a patient about HTN, you should also know what B/P measurement indicates lifestyle modification would likely be successful, if implemented? Diabetes can be classified into the following general categories: - Answer-Type 1 diabetes (due to autoimmune β-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency) Type 2 diabetes (due to a progressive loss of β-cell insulin secretion frequently on the background of insulin resistance) Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that was not clearly overt diabetes prior to gestation) Specific types of diabetes due to other causes, e.g., monogenic diabetes syndromes (such as neonatal diabetes and maturity-onset diabetes of the young), diseases of the exocrine pancreas (such as cystic fibrosis and pancreatitis), and drug- or chemical-induced diabetes (such as with glucocorticoid use, in the treatment of HIV/AIDS, or after organ transplantation) Diagnostic Tests for Diabetes - Answer-Diabetes and prediabetes may be screened based on plasma glucose criteria, either the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or the 2-h plasma glucose (2-h PG) value during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), or A1C criteria. A1C Prediabetes 5.7-6.4% Diabetes ≥6.5% FPG Prediabetes 100-125 mg/dL (5.6-6.9 mmol/L) Diabetes ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)† OGTT Prediabetes 140-199 mg/dL (7.8-11.0 mmol/L) Diabetes ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) RPG — Diabetes ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L)