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Samenvatting Fundamenten van de Psychologie + lesstof + kernbegrippen $8.59
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Samenvatting Fundamenten van de Psychologie + lesstof + kernbegrippen

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Samenvatting voor het vak 'Fundamenten van de Psychologie' van de minor Inleiding in de Toegepaste Psychologie aan de Hogeschool Utrecht. In de samenvatting vind je de benodigde hoofdstukken voor het tentamen, de lesstof en de kernbegrippen uit het boek. Elk hoofdstuk bevat een tabel met de kernbeg...

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  • October 28, 2023
  • 56
  • 2023/2024
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Inhoudsopgave
...................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1

,H1 Wat is psychologie?.................................................................................................................................. 5
Definitie psychologie............................................................................................................................................5
Geschiedenis van de psychologie.........................................................................................................................6
Wetenschappelijke revolutie................................................................................................................................6
Copernicaanse revolutie.......................................................................................................................................6
Dualisme...............................................................................................................................................................6
Snelheid informatieverwerking............................................................................................................................6
Empirisme.............................................................................................................................................................6
Evolutietheorie.....................................................................................................................................................7
Structuralisme......................................................................................................................................................7
Functionalisme.....................................................................................................................................................7
Behaviorisme........................................................................................................................................................7
Positivisme............................................................................................................................................................7
Psychoanalyse......................................................................................................................................................8
Pavlovreactie........................................................................................................................................................8
Onderzoeksmethoden in de psychologie............................................................................................................10
Beschrijvend onderzoek......................................................................................................................................10
Correlatie onderzoek..........................................................................................................................................10
Experimenteel onderzoek...................................................................................................................................11

Kernbegrippen H1........................................................................................................................................ 11

H3 Waarneming........................................................................................................................................... 13
Interfacetheorie..................................................................................................................................................14
Selectieprocessen...............................................................................................................................................14
Top-down en bottom-up processen....................................................................................................................15
Perceptuele groepering......................................................................................................................................15
Diepte en beweging............................................................................................................................................16
Spiegelneuronen.................................................................................................................................................17

Kernbegrippen H3........................................................................................................................................ 18

H4 Conditionering........................................................................................................................................ 20
Klassieke conditionering.....................................................................................................................................20
Operante conditionering....................................................................................................................................21
Bekrachtiging/ straf...........................................................................................................................................22
Effectiviteit straf.................................................................................................................................................22
Vermijdingsleren................................................................................................................................................22
Observerend leren..............................................................................................................................................22

Kernbegrippen H4........................................................................................................................................ 24



2

,H5 Geheugen en H7 Intelligentie.................................................................................................................. 27
Werkgeheugen...................................................................................................................................................28
Amnesie..............................................................................................................................................................29
Intelligentie.........................................................................................................................................................29
Termen in onderzoek..........................................................................................................................................30
Intelligentie.........................................................................................................................................................31

Kernbegrippen H5 en H7.............................................................................................................................. 33
H6 Motivatie.......................................................................................................................................................36
Goal setting theory.............................................................................................................................................37
Prestatiemotivatie..............................................................................................................................................37
Motivatiehiërarchie van Maslow.......................................................................................................................38
Honger................................................................................................................................................................38
Seks.....................................................................................................................................................................38
Prestatiemotivatie..............................................................................................................................................39

Kernbegrippen H6........................................................................................................................................ 40

H9 Psychopathologie.................................................................................................................................... 43
Mentale stoornis................................................................................................................................................43
DSM-V.................................................................................................................................................................44
1. Aan een middel gebonden stoornis................................................................................................................44

Kernbegrippen H9........................................................................................................................................ 46

H10 Therapieën........................................................................................................................................... 49
Biologische therapieën.......................................................................................................................................49
Psychologische therapieën.................................................................................................................................49
Humanistische therapie.....................................................................................................................................50
Cognitieve gedragstherapie...............................................................................................................................51
Technieken bij de behandeling van angststoornissen........................................................................................51
Technieken bij de behandeling van depressiestoornissen..................................................................................51
Gezamenlijke therapieën....................................................................................................................................51

Kernbegrippen H10...................................................................................................................................... 52

H1 Wat is psychologie?.................................................................................................................................. 4
Definitie psychologie............................................................................................................................................4
Geschiedenis van de psychologie.........................................................................................................................4
Wetenschappelijke revolutie................................................................................................................................4
Copernicaanse revolutie.......................................................................................................................................4
Dualisme..............................................................................................................................................................4
Snelheid informatieverwerking............................................................................................................................5

3

, Empirisme.............................................................................................................................................................5
Evolutietheorie.....................................................................................................................................................5
Structuralisme......................................................................................................................................................5
Functionalisme.....................................................................................................................................................5
Behaviorisme........................................................................................................................................................5
Positivisme...........................................................................................................................................................6
Operationele definitie..........................................................................................................................................6
Psychoanalyse......................................................................................................................................................6
Pavlovreactie........................................................................................................................................................7
Onderzoeksmethoden in de psychologie..............................................................................................................8
Beschrijvend onderzoek.......................................................................................................................................8
Correlatie onderzoek............................................................................................................................................9
Experimenteel onderzoek.....................................................................................................................................9

Kernbegrippen H1.......................................................................................................................................... 9

H3 Waarneming........................................................................................................................................... 12
Interfacetheorie..................................................................................................................................................12
Selectieprocessen...............................................................................................................................................13
Top-down en bottom-up processen....................................................................................................................13
Perceptuele groepering......................................................................................................................................13
Diepte en beweging...........................................................................................................................................15
Spiegelneuronen................................................................................................................................................16

Kernbegrippen H3........................................................................................................................................ 16

H4 Conditionering........................................................................................................................................ 19
Klassieke conditionering.....................................................................................................................................19
Operante conditionering....................................................................................................................................20
Bekrachtiging/ straf...........................................................................................................................................20
Effectiviteit straf.................................................................................................................................................20
Vermijdingsleren................................................................................................................................................21
Observerend leren..............................................................................................................................................21

Kernbegrippen H4........................................................................................................................................ 22

H5 Geheugen en H7 Intelligentie.................................................................................................................. 25
Werkgeheugen...................................................................................................................................................26
Amnesie..............................................................................................................................................................27
Intelligentie........................................................................................................................................................28
Termen in onderzoek..........................................................................................................................................29
Intelligentie........................................................................................................................................................30


4

, Kernbegrippen H5 en H7.............................................................................................................................. 31
H6 Motivatie......................................................................................................................................................34
Goal setting theory.............................................................................................................................................36
Prestatiemotivatie..............................................................................................................................................36
Motivatiehiërarchie van Maslow.......................................................................................................................36
Honger................................................................................................................................................................37
Seks....................................................................................................................................................................37
Prestatiemotivatie..............................................................................................................................................37

Kernbegrippen H6........................................................................................................................................ 38

H9 Psychopathologie................................................................................................................................... 41
Mentale stoornis................................................................................................................................................42
DSM-V................................................................................................................................................................42
1. Aan een middel gebonden stoornis................................................................................................................43
2. Psychologische stoornissen/ schizofreniespectrum.......................................................................................43

Kernbegrippen H9........................................................................................................................................ 44

H10 Therapieën........................................................................................................................................... 47
Biologische therapieën.......................................................................................................................................48
Psychologische therapieën.................................................................................................................................48
Humanistische therapie.....................................................................................................................................49
Cognitieve gedragstherapie...............................................................................................................................49
Technieken bij de behandeling van angststoornissen........................................................................................49
Technieken bij de behandeling van depressiestoornissen..................................................................................50
Gezamenlijke therapieën....................................................................................................................................50

Kernbegrippen H10...................................................................................................................................... 50




H1 Wat is psychologie?

Definitie psychologie
Psychologie: is een wetenschap waarbij het gedrag bestudeerd wordt en waarbij die
gedragsevidentie gebruikt wordt om de interne processen te begrijpen die aan het gedrag
ten grondslag liggen.

 Al het gedrag van de mens en de daarbij horende aspecten, zoals hoe het gedrag
ontstaat en wat de reden van het bepaalde gedrag is.




5

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