content:
1) purpose of spectroscopy
2) wave properties
3) light as a particle
4) light as a wave
5) particles and energy
6) spectroscopy - principles'
7) energy levels and spectra
8) qualitative analysis - identification
9) quantitative analysis
10) absorption and transmittance
11) Be...
Spectroscopy
Purpose of spectroscopy:
Study molecular structure and interactions if biological molecules (protein and amino
acids)
Diagnostics & Testing
Monitoring
Wave properties
Wavelength, - peak to peak distance between waves
Frequency, v – no complete oscillations per second (units s-1, or Hz)
Formula: speed of light = wavelength x frequency (c=v)
c is the speed of light (2.998 x 108 ms-1 in vacuum)
Light as a particle
The energy of the photon is proportional to the frequency of the radiation
Light as a wave
, Particles and energy
Each photon carries the energy E
Formula: E=hv (energy is proportional to frequency)
E is energy, h is Planck’s constant (6.626 x 10-34 Js), and v is the frequency
Combining two equations: c=v and E=hv
E = hc/ = hcv~ (energy is inversely proportional to wavelength and is direct proportional to
wavenumber)
V~ is the wavenumber
Spectroscopy – principles
Energy levels and spectra
When a molecule absorbs a photon, the energy of the molecule increases. The
molecule is promoted to an excited state.
If a molecule emits a photon, the energy of the molecule decreases
The lowest energy state of a molecule is a known as the ground state
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