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Hydrogène
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Fiche synthétique d'un cours de L2 en chimie inorganique.
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HYDROGENE Plus abondant et plus simple élément de l’Univers
10ème plus abondant en masse sur Terre
Forme une molécule diatomique => H 2 (inodore, non toxique,
hautement inflammable, volatile, légère et 89% dans l’Univers)
0,510 ppm dans l’atmosphère (partie par million)
56,6 Mt utilisés par an (2% de consommation mondiale d’énergie)
10% de la masse d’un corps humain
Energie d’ionisation élevée => 1312 kJ/mol
Occupe beaucoup de place par sa légèreté
Bon conducteur calorifique
Electronégativité = 2,2 (échelle de Pauling)
Se combine avec tout sauf avec les gaz rares
3 isotopes : - Protium
- Deutérium
- Tritium (produit par le bombardement des rayons
cosmiques dans la haute atmosphère)
Isotope Symbole Abondance Masse PE° (C) Enthalpie de Radioactivité
(%) molaire dissociation
(g/mol) (kJ/mol)
Protium H 99,985 H2 2,02 -252,55 436 -
Deutérium D 0,015 D2 4,03 -249,25 443 -
Tritium T 10-15 T2 6,03 -247,95 447 T1/2 = 12,4 ans
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