Summary Flashcards for 'What is Knowledge' Module for Epistemolgy topic of A level Philosophy AQA.
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AQA A-level Philosophy Year 1 and AS
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Flashcards for 'limits of knowledge' Module for Epistemolgy topic of A level Philosophy AQA.
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What is knowledge?
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c3w1i7
1. What are the 3 Acquaintance knowledge is knowledge 'of', meaning
types of knowl- knowing in the sense of knowing a person, place, thing or
edge? feeling. For example, I know Fred well. Ability knowledge
is knowing 'how' to do something, for example, 'I know
how to ride a bike'. Propositional, or factual, knowledge is
knowing 'that' something is the case. For example, "I know
that London is the capital of England."
2. What is acquain- Acquaintance knowledge is knowledge 'of', meaning
tance knowl- knowing in the sense of knowing a person, place, thing,
edge? sensation or feeling. For example, "I know Fred well.".
Such knowledge doesn't need to involve any capacity to
give a verbal report of what it entails.
3. What is ability Ability/practical knowledge is knowing 'how' to do some-
knowledge? thing, for example, 'I know how to ride a bike'. Such knowl-
edge involves a skill or capability to perform a certain kind
of task, but does not need to involve having any explicit
understanding of what such a performance entails.
4. factual knowl- propositional knowledge because it makes a claim about
edge is often the world
called...
5. pitfalls to avoid ACON - Ad hoc, circular, obscure, negative
when trying to
define knowl-
edge
6. Arguments for Common sense view of knowledge
JTB
7. Explain the view Justification is a necessary condition for knowledge be-
that justification cause you cannot define something as knowledge without
is a neces- being justified in believing it - examples of being justified
sary condition could be having evidence or reason behind a true belief.
for knowledge. For example, imagine one day you woke up and were
convinced that today you would win the lottery (you believe
that you will win). You go to buy a ticket and discover that
, What is knowledge?
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c3w1i7
you have actually won. (your belief turns out to be true).
Here, you have a true belief. However, you do not have
a justification for why you knew that you would win the
lottery, so this cannot count as knowledge. In this way,
having justification (a reason behind your true belief) is
necessary for your true belief to count as knowledge.
8. Explain the view Truth is a necessary condition for knowledge because
that truth is a in order to claim that you know X, X must be true. For
necessary condi- example, people in the past believed that the Sun revolved
tion for knowl- around the Earth. This was justified by evidence from
edge. maps and books, and ships sailed to places successfully
based on this belief. However, this justified belief cannot
count as knowledge because it is not true (the truth is that
the Earth revolves around the sun.). In this way, having
truth is necessary for something which is justified and a
belief to count as knowledge.
9. Explain the view Belief is a necessary condition for knowledge because
that belief is a in order to claim that you know X, you must believe (be
necessary condi- convinced and have confidence) X to be true. For example,
tion for knowl- it is incoherent to say "I know that it is raining, but I do
edge. not believe it is.". This is because belief is a necessary
condition to honestly assert anything. So nobody would
assert that it is raining, without believing it because you
cannot claim to know something to be true if you do not
even believe it.
10. What was Pla- "true belief accompanied by a rational account is knowl-
to's opinion on edge". We value knowledge because it is backed up by
knowledge? evidence/reasons which retains the our belief and gives
us good reason to continue believing it.
11. Can you have some dispute that belief is a necessary condition, the
knowledge with- apparent incoherence of saying 'I know it is raining, but I
out belief? don't believe it." stems from the fact that belief is a neces-
sary condition to honestly assert anything. Some equate
knowledge with a more successful action and some claim
that knowledge and belief are different sorts of mental
states (k is infallible, b is)
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