Summary
samenvatting vaardigheden met data (vmd)
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Samenvatting van 53 pagina's voor het vak vaardigheden met data aan de UCLL (les aantekeningen)
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Vaardig met DataMaandag 6 november 2023
Meerkeuzevragen (met bestraffing foutieve antwoorden = giscorrectie) op 10 punten
Open vragen op 10 punten
Leermateriaal op examen:
Ø Formuleblad (cf Toledo, wordt voorzien op examen)
Ø Rekenmachine (geen grafische, zelf meenemen naar examen)
Inhoudsopgave
Wat is onderzoek? .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Inleiding .............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Doel .................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Basis.................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Onderzoeksproces .............................................................................................................................................. 6
Oriëntatie....................................................................................................................................................... 7
Formuleren onderzoeksdoelstelling & vraagstelling ..................................................................................... 8
Literatuurstudie .............................................................................................................................................. 9
Onderzoeksontwerp ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Onderzoeksmethode......................................................................................................................................... 10
Tijdshorizonten ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Toegang & ethiek .......................................................................................................................................... 11
Toegang ............................................................................................................................................................ 11
Ethiek ................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Secundaire data gebruiken ........................................................................................................................... 12
Soorten: ............................................................................................................................................................ 12
Documentaire data ...................................................................................................................................... 12
Enquête-data ............................................................................................................................................... 12
Data uit meervoudige bronnen ................................................................................................................... 13
Secundaire data beoordelen ............................................................................................................................. 13
Steekproeven trekken................................................................................................................................... 14
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 14
Selecte steekproeven ........................................................................................................................................ 14
In welke situaties? ....................................................................................................................................... 14
Richtlijnen voor steekproefgrootte n ? ........................................................................................................ 15
Soorten ........................................................................................................................................................ 15
Aselecte steekproeven ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Fase 1: steekpreof kader bepalen................................................................................................................ 16
1
, Fase 2: steekproef omvang bepalen ............................................................................................................ 16
Fase 3: steekproefmethode bepalen ........................................................................................................... 18
Fase 4 – Representativiteit controleren ...................................................................................................... 20
Primaire kwantitatieve data verzamelen....................................................................................................... 21
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 21
Gestructureerde waarneming/observatie ........................................................................................................ 21
Wanneer gebruiken? ................................................................................................................................... 21
Hoe mee aan de slag? .................................................................................................................................. 22
Wat met betrouwbaarheid & validiteit?...................................................................................................... 23
Gestructureerde interviews of surveys ............................................................................................................. 23
Wanneer gebruiken? ................................................................................................................................... 23
Hoe mee aan de slag? .................................................................................................................................. 23
Wat met betrouwbaarheid & validiteit?...................................................................................................... 26
Primaire kwalitatieve data verzamelen ......................................................................................................... 28
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 28
Participerende observatie................................................................................................................................. 28
Wanneer gebruiken? ................................................................................................................................... 28
Hoe mee aan de slag.................................................................................................................................... 29
Wat met betrouwbaarheid & validiteit?...................................................................................................... 29
Interviews ......................................................................................................................................................... 29
Wanneer gebruiken? ................................................................................................................................... 29
Hoe mee aan de slag? .................................................................................................................................. 29
Wat met betrouwbaarheid & validiteit?...................................................................................................... 30
Groepsinterviews en focusgroepen ............................................................................................................. 31
Kwantitatieve data analyseren ..................................................................................................................... 33
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 33
Data voorbereiden ............................................................................................................................................ 33
Meetniveau van variabelen ......................................................................................................................... 33
Variabelen weergeven in datamatrix (+ codeboek als legende).................................................................. 34
Data verkennen/voorstellen ............................................................................................................................. 35
Tabellen & figuren voor één variabele ........................................................................................................ 35
Tabellen & figuren Voor twee (of meer) variabelen .................................................................................... 37
Kengetallen ....................................................................................................................................................... 42
Kentgetallen voor één varibalen.................................................................................................................. 42
Kentgetallen voor twee (of meer) variabelen.............................................................................................. 45
data analyseren ................................................................................................................................................ 46
Conceptueel ................................................................................................................................................. 47
soorten toetsen ........................................................................................................................................... 47
Kwalitatieve data analyseren ........................................................................................................................ 50
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 50
Data voorbereiden ............................................................................................................................................ 50
Algemene analyseprocedures ........................................................................................................................... 50
Soorten nalyseprocedure ............................................................................................................................ 50
Enkele ‘klassiekers’ ........................................................................................................................................... 51
Netwerkanalyse ........................................................................................................................................... 52
Sjabloonanalyse ........................................................................................................................................... 52
2
,Grounded theory ......................................................................................................................................... 52
Narratieve analyse ....................................................................................................................................... 53
Discoursanalyse ........................................................................................................................................... 53
Yin’s deductieve analysemethode ............................................................................................................... 53
3
, Wat is onderzoek?
De betekenis van onderzoek
Inleiding
Onderzoek? à Nood aan informatie of nieuwe inzichten
Hoe als onderzoeker geloofwaardigheid nastreven? = onderzoeksmethoden
à Systematische en doelgerichte aanpak
(In verzamelen en analyseren van gegevens)
à Via gepaste activiteiten (bv. interviews of enquêtes afnemen) = onderzoekstechnieken
Welke methoden & technieken zijn meest geschikt voor welk soort onderzoeksvragen?
+ vormen tot “kritisch gebruiker van info”
Doel
Fundamenteel
Kennis opdoen voor het ontwikkelen of uitbreiden van wetenschappelijke theorieën.
Praktijkgericht
n.a.v. een specifiek probleem in de praktijk, dat resulteert in de oplossing van het probleem
of nieuwe kennis over het probleem
Ter illustratie, makkelijker te begrijpen
4
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