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Nursing Oncology Exam 1 – Q’s & A’s
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Nursing Oncology Exam 1 – Q’s & A’s
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Nursing Oncology Exam 1 – Q’s & A’sOncology - ✔️ Branch of medicine dealing with tumors.
Oncology Nursing - ✔️ Nurses that care for pts with CA.
Neoplasm - ✔️ Neo = New , Plasma = New tissue growth
Cells that produce abnormal .
Neoplasm are tumors but all neoplasm are no CA.
Cancer - ✔️ A group of cells that grow out of control, taking over the
function of the affected organ.
Cancer is not 1 disease but many with different causes, manifestations,
treatments and prognosis.
Poorly constructed, loosely formed, and disorganized.
"confused cell"
An organ with a cancerous tumor eventually ceases function.
Benign - ✔️ A cluster of cells that is not normal to the body but is
noncancerous.
Benign tumors grow more slowly than malignant and have cells the same
original tissue.
An organ with a benign tumor usually continuous to function normally.
Slow Growth, stays localized, encapsulated, differentiated..
Malignant - ✔️ Tumor resist treatment and tends to worsen and threaten
life.
Causes some of the same problems as benign, but are more threatening.
They can invade nearby issues or colonized In other parts of the body.
Different types of malignancies.
Fast growing ,
Some of the same problems are benign
dedifferentiated 9stop looking like cells that they took over.
Invades neighboring tissue.
Reoccurrence possible
Fatal without treatment
, Cancers cells growth and reproduction involve a 2 step process. - ✔️ 1.
Initiation
Causes an alteration in genetic structure of the cell (DNA).
Cell alteration is associated with exposure to a carcinogen. The cellular change
primes the cell to become cancerous.
2. Promotion
The second step in cancer cell growth.
It occurs after repeated exposure to carcinogens causing cells to mutate.
During this step a tumor forms from mutated cell production.
A healthy immune system can destroy cancer cells before they replicate and
become a tumor.
Any substance that weakens or alters the immune system puts the individual
at risk for cell mutation.
Caner is a symptom of a weakened immune system.
Carcinogen - ✔️ A substance or agent that increases the risk of cancer.
Risk Factors for Cancer - ✔️ Exposure to radiation, chemicals, irritants,
genetics, diet, hormones and general immunity. Certain racial and ethnic
groups also are at higher risk for some type of cancer.
Risk Factor: Viruses - ✔️ Oncoviruses (onco - mass + virus)
(RNA type viruses) are linked to cancer in humans.
Retrovirus
An enzyme produced by RNA tumor viruses and is formed in human leukemia
cells.
Epstein-Barr Virus
Causes mono (mononucleosis) is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma.
Herpes simplex virus 2
Associated with cervical and penile cancers.
HPV (human papillomavirus)
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