NUR 206 Exam 3 Questions with 100% Complete Solutions

asterixis aka Liver Flap, a flapping tremor of the hands. When the client extends the arms & hands in front of the body, the hands rapidly flex & extend. caused by high ammonia levels fetor hepaticus sweet, slightly fecal odor to the breath, presumed to be of intestinal origin; prevalent with the extensive collateral portal circulation in chronic liver disease Bilirubin levels Newborn 1-12mg/dl Child 0.2-1.3 Direct 0.1-1.3 Indirect 0.1-.3 an orange-yellow pigment formed in the liver by the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted in bile. caput medusae Dilated veins around the umbilicus, associated with cirrhosis of the liver. Hepatitis phases - Prodromal (flu like): fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain - Icteric (major symptoms): jaundice, dark foamy urine, clay-colored stools - Recovery phase cholestasis stoppage of bile flow Liver anatomy 1. Largest solid organ of the body 2. Consists of two major lobes that are separated by the falciform ligament 3. Each lobe is made of two lobules 4. Each lobule is made of small passages called sinusoids 5. Sinusoids empty their contents into a central vein Liver functions Responsible for: The metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol, hormones, and drugs. Enzyme activation. Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals. Synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin, and clotting factors. Blood detoxification and purification. Bile production and secretion. Detoxify poisonous substances like bacteria & certain drugs, reseve the ability to divide until it needs to. cirrhosis chronic degenerative disease of the liver Conjugated bilirubin (direct) 0.2 mg/dL Increased: liver disease, obstructive jaundice deamination the removal of an amino group from an organism, particularly from an amino acid enterohepatic recycling the process whereby drug is eliminated from the liver/biliary tract into the GI tract and then reabsorbed from the GI tract back to the liver intrahepatic jaundice Occurs with disease or damage to hepatocytes Hepatitis or cirrhosis prehepatic jaundice Result of excessive destruction of red blood cells Characteristic of hemolytic anemias or transfusion reactions Post-hepatic jaundice Cause: Bile flow obstruction Associated conditions: Strictures of the bile duct, gallstones, tumors of the bile duct Labs: Increased conjugated bilirubin icterus another name for jaundice IK-ter-us (from Greek for jaundice) NALFD Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) NASH is the most extreme form of NAFLD, and is regarded as a major cause of cirrhosis of the liver. portal hypertension s/s prominent abd wall veins (caput medusa) hemorrhoids, enlarged spleen, anemia, GI bleeding, esophageal varices. Rx: balloon, vasopressin, nitro,