hypotonia, poor head control, GE reflux of poor weight gain, demyelination, progressive
leukodstrophy, and death in 1st decade
coeliac disease - CORRECT ANSWER protein gluten is not properly broken down
cystic fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWER Hereditary condition that causes the exocrine
glands to malfunction. The patient produces very thick mucus that causes severe
congestion within the lungs and digestive system.
down syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Trisomy 21, a condition of retardation and
associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup
duchenne muscular distrophy - CORRECT ANSWER A human genetic disease caused
by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and loss of
muscle tissue
hemophillia - CORRECT ANSWER rare bleeding disorder in which your blood doesnt
clot normally.
klinefelter's syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER a chromosomal trisomy in which males
have an extra X chromosome resulting in an XXy condition; affected individuals typically
have reduced fertility
neurofibromatosis - CORRECT ANSWER autosomal dominant disease characterized
by numerous neurofibromas and by spots on the skin and often by developmental
abnormalities
phenlketonuria - CORRECT ANSWER A genetic disorder caused by a particular pair of
homozygous recessive genes and characterized by the inability to break down
phenylalanine, an amino acid found in many high-protein foods. The resulting high blood
levels of phenylalanine cause mental retardation
polycystic kidney disease - CORRECT ANSWER kidney disease characterized by
enlarged kidneys containing many cysts
sickle-cell disease - CORRECT ANSWER A human genetic disease caused by a
recessive allele that results in the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin
protein; characterized by deformed red blood cells that can lead to numerous symptoms.
turner syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER where females only have a single x
chromosome instead of two
acne - CORRECT ANSWER an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands
of the skin
alopecia - CORRECT ANSWER loss of hair (especially on the head) or loss of wool or
feathers
angioma - CORRECT ANSWER a tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic
vessels
athlete's foot - CORRECT ANSWER Fungus infection usually in the skin of the toes
and soles
boil - CORRECT ANSWER a painful sore with a hard pus-filled core
,basal cell carcinoma - CORRECT ANSWER Most common and least severe type of
skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.
bowen's disease - CORRECT ANSWER carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (* risk of
visceral ca)
callus - CORRECT ANSWER an area of skin that is thick or hard from continual
pressure or friction (as the sole of the foot)
corns - CORRECT ANSWER hard growths on the feet or palms of the hands
cellulitis - CORRECT ANSWER an inflammation of body tissue (especially that below
the skin) characterized by fever and swelling and redness and pain
dermatitis - CORRECT ANSWER inflammation of the skin
dermatofibroma - CORRECT ANSWER fibrous tumor of the skin
eczema - CORRECT ANSWER Inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute
or chronic in nature, presenting many forms of dry or moist lesions.
erythrasma - CORRECT ANSWER often as a interdigital toe web maceration with
fissures as well as shiny or scaly brown-red patches
erysipelas - CORRECT ANSWER an acute streptococcal infection characterized by
deep-red inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes
folliculitis - CORRECT ANSWER inflammation of a hair follicle
herpes - CORRECT ANSWER A viral infection causing small painful blisters and
inflammation, most commonly at the junction of skin and mucous membrane in the mouth
or nose or in the genitals
hives - CORRECT ANSWER an itchy skin eruption characterized by weals with pale
interiors and well-defined red margins
impetigo - CORRECT ANSWER Bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated
pustules that become crusted and rupture
jock itch - CORRECT ANSWER fungal infection of the groin (most common in men)
kaposi's sarcoma - CORRECT ANSWER malignant tumor of the blood vessels
associated with AIDS
keloid - CORRECT ANSWER overgrowth of scar tissue
keratoacanthoma - CORRECT ANSWER skin tumor that grows rapidly (especially in
older people) and resembles a carcinoma but does not spread
keratosis - CORRECT ANSWER a skin condition marked by an overgrowth of layers of
horny skin
pediculosis - CORRECT ANSWER lice infection
lipoma - CORRECT ANSWER a tumor consisting of fatty tissue
lymphadenitis - CORRECT ANSWER inflammation of lymph nodes
malignant melanoma - CORRECT ANSWER Most serious form of skin cancer; often
characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in
texture, jagged, or raised.
melasma - CORRECT ANSWER a tan discoloration of a woman's face that is
associated with pregnancy or with the use of oral contraceptives
miliaria - CORRECT ANSWER obstruction of the sweat ducts during high heat and
humidity
photoallergy - CORRECT ANSWER an allergic type of sensitivity to light
psoriasis - CORRECT ANSWER a chronic skin disease characterized by dry red
patches covered with scales
raynaud's disease - CORRECT ANSWER This disease is an intermittent spasm of the
digital arteries & arterioles resulting in decreased circulation to the fingers & toes,
sometimes tips of nose & ears are affected. Related to vasospastic disorders &
disturbance with innervations of the SNS.
, ring worm - CORRECT ANSWER when a fungus forms a mycelium directly with the
outer layer of the skin other than the bottom of the foot such as the scalp and produces a
red scaling sore
shingles - CORRECT ANSWER eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by
severe neuralgia
squamous cell carcinoma - CORRECT ANSWER Type of skin cancer more serious
than basal cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules.
verruca - CORRECT ANSWER an epidermal tumor caused by a papilloma virus, also
called a wart
Astrovirus - CORRECT ANSWER Naked, (+)ssRNA that cause villous blunting,
irregular surface epithelium with inflammatory cell infiltration; seen most in children under
12 months - diarrhea, vomiting, fever with mild dehyrdration for 4-5 days; fecal-oral
spread
Chickenpox - CORRECT ANSWER highly contagious, acute viral infection that is
common in children and young adults
Dengue Virus - CORRECT ANSWER +ssRNA, causes hemorrhagic fever. Mosquito
bite causes viremia, fever, rash. Confirm with serology, no vaccines or anti-virals.
Increased severity infection if previously infected by another serotype
Ebola - CORRECT ANSWER A contagious viral disease originating in Africa. It is
transmitted by blood and body fluids and causes body organs and vessels to leak blood,
usually resulting in death.
Foot-and-mouth disease - CORRECT ANSWER highly contagious viral infection that
affects pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, and deers; it can also but rarely infect humans (when
we drink milk of infected animals)
Hepatitis A - CORRECT ANSWER an acute but benign form of viral hepatitis caused
by an RNA virus that does not persist in the blood serum and is usually transmitted by
ingesting food or drink that is contaiminated with fecal matter
Hepatitis B - CORRECT ANSWER an acute (sometimes fatal) form of viral hepatitis
caused by a DNA virus that tends to persist in the blood serum and is transmitted by
sexual contact or by transfusion or by ingestion of contaminated blood or other bodily
fluids
Hepatitis C - CORRECT ANSWER inflammation of th eliver caused by the HCV,
transmitted by exposure to infected blood (rarely contracted sexually)
Herpes - CORRECT ANSWER viral diseases causing eruptions of the skin or mucous
membrane
HIV - CORRECT ANSWER the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency
syndrome (AIDS)
Human Papilomavirus - CORRECT ANSWER this diseases warts are the most easily
recognized manifestation of symptoms, occurring on the head or shaft of the penis, at the
vaginal opening, or around the anus
Influenza - CORRECT ANSWER an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
Japanese Encephalitis - CORRECT ANSWER Flavivirus; found in Asia and the
Western Pacific; can cause altered consciouness and seizures in children, a vaccine is
used in China
Measles - CORRECT ANSWER an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked
by distinct red spots followed by a rash
Mumps - CORRECT ANSWER an acute contagious viral disease characterized by
fever and by swelling of the parotid glands
Naples Virus - CORRECT ANSWER A species in the genus PHLEBOVIRUS causing
PHLEBOTOMUS FEVER, an influenza-like illness. Related serotypes include Toscana
virus and Tehran virus.
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