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Sustainable impact samenvatting leerjaar 2 boek sustainable design from vision to action

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Samenvatting boek sustainable design from vision to action Hoofdstuk 1 tot en met 21. Leerjaar 2 sustainable impact. Geschreven in Nederlands met gedeeltelijk Engelse termen/ begrippen.

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  • October 30, 2023
  • 55
  • 2023/2024
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Sustainable impact
IOB3-2-23 Sustainable Impact (2023/24 Q1)

Samenvatting boek Sustainable Design from vision to action
H1-21

,Boek Hoofdstuk 1

De veelgebruikte definitie van duurzaam ontwikkeling komt uit het rapport ‘Our Common’ uit 1987
Toekomst’: ‘Duurzame ontwikkeling is ontwikkeling dat voldoet aan de behoeften van het heden
zonder de behoeften van toekomstige generaties in gevaar brengen om in hun eigen behoeften te
voorzien.” (Wereldcommissie op Milieu en ontwikkeling, 1987).
“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the needs of future generations to meet their own needs.”
De aarde is een eindige planeet, dus alles dat eindige hulpbronnen aantrekt of afval toevoegt sneller
dan het door de aarde kan worden gemetaboliseerd ecosystemen zijn niet duurzaam.

Duurzaamheid omvat milieu (‘planet’), sociale (‘people’) en economische
(‘prosperity’(=welvaart)) waarden, ook wel de triple bottom line genoemd.

We moeten het perfecte niet de vijand laten zijn van het goed: het is onmogelijk dat
één product de hele wereld kan repareren, dus het is nog steeds goed om producten
te ontwikkelen en diensten met zwakkere duurzaamheidsvoordelen.

De Verenigde Naties  17 doelstellingen voor duurzaamheid = meest omvattende
visie op wat mondiaal duurzaamheid betekend. Doel:Hulpmiddel voor bedrijven om
prioriteiten te stellen en doelen te stellen die aansluiten bij de SDGs.
- Prioriteiten/ priorities stellen, Beoordeel positieve en negatieve, huidige en potentiële impact
van uw bedrijf of product. (levencyclus, raw materials and production, distribution en retail,
use and reuse, recovery en disposal).
- Doelen stellen/ setting goals: als je negatieve gevolgen hebt kijk je naar hoe je deze kunt
verbeteren of omzetten in positieve. All negative impacts should become part of the corporate
sustainability agenda, with objective goals, to prevent cherry-picking (=beste voor
jezelf/bedrijf kiezen) and potential accusations of greenwash.
- Integreren/ integrating:
uitvoeren van het plan.
Integreren in core
business.


Afbeelding: positieve en
negatieve SDG-effecten, met
suggesties voor verbetering,
voor een bepaald product.

(voorbeeld van aanpak in boek)

,1. No poverty: End poverty in all forms and
dimensions by 2030.
2. Zero hunger: End all forms of extreme hunger and
malnutrition by 2030.
3. Good health and wellbeing: Ensure healthy lives
and promote well-being for all at all ages. There is,
for instance, a 31-year gap between the countries
with the shortest and longest life expectancies
4. Quality education: Inclusive and equitable quality
education and lifelong learning opportunities for all.
Education is a key to escaping poverty.
5. Gender equality: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. Among the many
challenges are discriminatory laws and social norms.
6. Clean water and sanitation: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all.
7. Affordable and clean energy: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy.
8. Decent work and economic growth: Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth,
employment and decent work for all. This SDG promotes sustained economic growth, higher levels of
productivity and technological innovation.
9. Industry, innovation, and infrastructure: Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable
industrialization and foster innovation.
10. Reduced inequalities: This SDG calls for reducing inequalities in income as well as those based on
age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status within a country.
11. Sustainable cities and communities: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. By 2050,
two-thirds of all humanity—6.5 billion people— will be urban.
12. Responsible consumption and production: Ensure sustainable consumption and production
patterns. The efficient management of our shared natural resources, and the way we dispose of toxic
waste and pollutants, are important aspects to achieve this goal.
13. Climate action: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. To limit warming to
1.5 C, global net CO2 emissions must drop by 45% by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050.
14. Life below water: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources. As much
as 40% of the ocean is heavily affected by pollution, depleted fisheries, and loss of coastal habitats.
15. Life on land: Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land
degradation, halt biodiversity loss.
16. Peace, justice and strong institutions: Promote just, peaceful, and inclusive societies. The aim is to
significantly reduce all forms of violence, and end conflict and insecurity.
17. Partnerships for the goals: Revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development. For
instance, by achieving a universal rules-based and equitable trading system.

, Hoofdstuk 2 planetary boundaries

Sinds Industriele revolutie (200 jaar geleden) verandering klimaat

Koolstof opgeslagen in:
- Reservoirs: plants and animals
- Atmosphere: carbon dioxide
- Oceans: in the bodies of marine organisms, such as clam shells or coral skeletons.
- Rocks, minerals (like oil), and other sediment buried beneath the surface of the planet.

Short time scales = jaren of decennia = carbon stored in plants or animals is released back to the soil
and the atmosphere when they die and decay.
Long time scales = millions of years = happen when carbon is removed from short-term circulation by
plants and animals becoming fossilized into coal (steenkool) or oil.

when carbon is removed from short-term circulation (“sequestered”) by plants and animals becoming
fossilized into coal (steenkool) or oil underground, or removed from seawater by shells and bones
(schelpen en botten) of dead marine animals and plankton collecting on the sea floor and becoming
limestone.

The carbon cycle is in a dynamic equilibrium.

Bepaalde niveaus van negen aardse systeemprocessen niet mogen overschrijden:
- klimaatverandering/ climate change: Climate change results from increased CO2 and other
greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and
deforestation.
- Nieuwe entiteiten/ novel entities: = de lasten van chemicaliën en andere ‘nieuwe entiteiten’
op de omgeving. Kunststoffen, consumentenproducten
- Aantasting van de ozonlaag in de stratosfeer/ Stratospheric ozone: ozon beschermt
aardoppervlak tegen UV straling.
- Atmosferische aërosolbelasting/ Atmospheric aerosol: =ultrafijne deeltjes die in de lucht
zweven. Woestijnstof, rook, roet ect.
- Verzuring van de oceaan/ ocean acidification = ph van zee water neemt af, veroorzaakt door
de toegenomen opname van koolstofdioxide uit de atmosfeer. Verzuring leidt tot afname
calciumcarbonaat, minder calciumcarbonaat voor opbouwen en onderhouden van
verkalkende organismen hun schelpen, skeletten.
- Biochemische stromen (van stikstof en fosfor)/ biogeochemical flows: verwijzen naar stikstof
(“N”) en fosfor (“P”), beide voedingsstoffen voor planten groei en gebruikt in kunstmest.
Uitspoeling mest, eutrofiëring tot gevolg.
- Zoetwatergebruik/ freshwater change: ‘ groen’water = water voor planten (regen,
bodemvocht). Blauw water is zoet water in rivieren en meren. Water circuleert, net als
koolstof, door de mondiale ecosystemen in natuurlijke cycli, maar deze cycli zijn verstoord
door de menselijke industrie.
- Verandering van het landsysteem/ land-system change = ontbossing en andere vernietigen
van natuurlijke habitats om te bekeren land voor landbouw of ander gebruik.
- Biosfeer integriteit/ Biosphere Integrity: twee aspecten namelijk verlies en uitsterven van
biodiversiteit. Uitservingen per miljoen soortjaren (E/MSY). Het biodiversiteitsverlies wordt
gemeten via de Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII)

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