Summary
Samenvatting Een inleiding in de psychologie in 10 3/4 hoofdstukken - Psychologie (D0T02A)
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Samenvatting En inleiding in de psychologie 1e jaar TEW prof: Gert Storms 15/20
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
merelwillemsen04
Content preview
InhoudExamen...................................................................................................................................................7
Hoofdstuk 1: A beginning.......................................................................................................................8
Wetenschappelijke psychologie.....................................................................................................9
Het Freud probleem.......................................................................................................................9
3 belangrijke kenmerken psychologie..........................................................................................10
Theorie- hypothese- wetenschappelijke wet................................................................................10
Vijfstapsproces van de wetenschappelijke methode........................................................................10
Types van psychologische onderzoeksmethoden (stijging in complexiteit)..................................11
Exemplarisch.................................................................................................................................14
Correlationele studie....................................................................................................................15
Experimentele studie....................................................................................................................16
Ethische kwesties in onderzoek met mensen en dieren...............................................................18
Om te onthouden.........................................................................................................................19
Voorbeeldvragen:.........................................................................................................................19
Hoofdstuk x: Hoofdstuk over waarneming...........................................................................................21
Sensatie en Perceptie...................................................................................................................21
De zintuigen..................................................................................................................................21
Drempelwaarden..............................................................................................................................21
1. Absolute drempelwaarden.......................................................................................................21
2. Differentiële drempelwaarden.................................................................................................22
3. Subliminale beïnvloeding..........................................................................................................22
Wat is de relatie tussen perceptie en sensatie?...............................................................................23
Bottom-up en top-down verwerking............................................................................................24
Perceptuele Ambiguïteit en Distorsie...........................................................................................24
Perceptuele/grootte constanties..................................................................................................24
Informatie integratie in tijd en ruimte..........................................................................................24
Dieptezicht....................................................................................................................................24
Theoretische verklaringen voor perceptie....................................................................................25
Persoonlijkheidsfactoren in perceptie: cognitieve stijl.................................................................25
voorbeeldvragen...........................................................................................................................25
Hoofdstuk 2: Teach your children.........................................................................................................27
Inleidende verhalen......................................................................................................................27
Twee vormen van leren................................................................................................................27
Klassieke conditionering/pavloviaanse conditionering (herhaling)..................................................28
, Verwerving, uitdoving en spontaan herstel..................................................................................29
Is het verband tussen VP en OP willekeurig?................................................................................30
Werkt reclame?............................................................................................................................31
Operante conditionering (vanaf eind WO 1).................................................................................31
Intermittente bekrachtiging..........................................................................................................32
Combinatie klassieke conditionering en operante conditionering...............................................33
APOPO..........................................................................................................................................34
Straf..............................................................................................................................................35
Bijgeloofexperimenten.................................................................................................................35
Operante conditionering en de behavioristische visie op gedrag: zelfherkenning bij dieren:......36
Andere vormen van leren.............................................................................................................37
Invloed Skinner en behaviorisme..................................................................................................37
Om te onthouden.........................................................................................................................38
Voorbeeldvragen:.........................................................................................................................38
Hoofdstuk 3: De wortel en de stok.......................................................................................................39
Falende beloningen..........................................................................................................................39
Biologische beperkingen...............................................................................................................39
Motivatie als drijvende kracht..........................................................................................................41
Punished by rewards … op school.................................................................................................42
Punished by rewards op het werk................................................................................................42
Culturele verschillen.....................................................................................................................43
Om te onthouden.........................................................................................................................43
Hoofdstuk 4: herinneringen..................................................................................................................45
3 stadia voor betrouwbare herinnering............................................................................................46
Geheugen van ooggetuigen:.........................................................................................................46
Metakennis...................................................................................................................................51
Autobiografisch geheugen................................................................................................................52
Inplanten van herinneringen........................................................................................................52
Om te onthouden.........................................................................................................................53
Voorbeeldvragen..........................................................................................................................54
Hoofdstuk 5: Is daar iemand?...............................................................................................................55
Is sociale belemmering een algemeen geldend fenomeen?.........................................................56
Sociale facilitatie...........................................................................................................................57
Hypothese Zajonc:........................................................................................................................59
Is loutere aanwezigheid genoeg of moet het een toekijkend publiek zijn?..................................59
Experimenten met proefpersonen i.p.v. proefdieren.......................................................................60
, Sociale activatie op de werkvloer.................................................................................................61
Sociaal parasiteren.......................................................................................................................62
Om te onthouden.........................................................................................................................63
Hoofdstuk 6: Wat doen anderen? Nog bekijken in boek......................................................................64
Mode, schoenen en zere voeten..................................................................................................64
Ongewenst informationeel conformisme: psychogene groepsziekten.........................................66
De invloed van het aantal.............................................................................................................68
Ongewenste effecten van normatieve sociale invloed.................................................................69
Gewenste effecten van normatieve sociale invloed.....................................................................70
Innovatie of minderheidsbeïnvloeding.........................................................................................70
Theorie Moscovici.........................................................................................................................72
Gehoorzaamheid aan een autoriteit.............................................................................................73
Probleem van een omstaander.....................................................................................................75
Om te onthouden.........................................................................................................................77
Hoofdstuk 7: Waarom doet die dat?....................................................................................................79
Attributietheorie...........................................................................................................................79
Normatieve attributietheorie/covariatiemodel van Kelly.................................................................80
1. Gebrek aan consensus..............................................................................................................80
2. Opvallendheid...........................................................................................................................81
3. Fundamentele attributiefout/correspondence bias..................................................................82
4. Culturele verschillen in attributie..............................................................................................83
Kan perspectief omgekeerd worden?...........................................................................................84
Psychotherapie.............................................................................................................................85
Succes en mislukking....................................................................................................................86
Crisiscommunicatie van organisaties:...........................................................................................86
Blame the booze...........................................................................................................................86
Is dronkenschap een verzachtende/ verzwarende omstandigheid?.............................................86
Om te onthouden.........................................................................................................................87
Hoofdstuk 8: Beslissen..........................................................................................................................88
Bernoulli: de paradox van Sint Petersburg...................................................................................88
Expected utility theory..................................................................................................................89
Aanpassingen expected utility theory:..........................................................................................90
Afwijkingen van de assumpties van de Expected utility theorie/axioma......................................90
1. Schending van schrappingsprincipe..........................................................................................90
2. Schending van transitiviteit......................................................................................................91
3. Schending van het invariantieprincipe......................................................................................93
, Expected utility theory:.................................................................................................................93
Prospect theory............................................................................................................................94
Waardefunctie..............................................................................................................................94
Manipuleren van het referentiepunt............................................................................................95
Beslissingsgewichten....................................................................................................................96
Zekerheidseffect...........................................................................................................................97
Pseudocertaincy effect.................................................................................................................98
Om te onthouden.........................................................................................................................98
Hoofdstuk 9: kiezen en oordelen........................................................................................................100
Heuristieken en denkfouten...........................................................................................................100
Representativiteitsheuristiek......................................................................................................100
Voorspellen van onzekere gebeurtenissen:................................................................................103
Availabilityheuristiek..................................................................................................................107
Schatten van kansen...................................................................................................................108
Wason taak.................................................................................................................................110
Verankering en aanpassing.........................................................................................................111
Thinking fast en slow..................................................................................................................113
Om te onthouden.......................................................................................................................115
Voorbeeldvragen:.......................................................................................................................116
Hoofdstuk 10: (on)eerlijkheid.............................................................................................................117
Van Rossem, Madoff … en u en ik...............................................................................................117
Hoe verschillende zijn deze mensen echter van mensen zoals u en ik?.....................................117
Eerlijkheid van professoren en assistenten................................................................................118
Rationele oneerlijkheid (SMORC)...............................................................................................118
Experimenten.............................................................................................................................119
Schipperen tussen eerlijk en oneerlijk............................................................................................120
Van bedrog naar zelfbedrog.......................................................................................................121
Ik oneerlijk? Dat kan ik me niet herinneren................................................................................121
Op woord van eer.......................................................................................................................122
Vlucht het stelen en bedriegen, ook de achterklep en ’t liegen …..............................................122
… want God ziet u!......................................................................................................................123
Het had ook anders kunnen zijn…...............................................................................................124
Te moe om eerlijk te zijn............................................................................................................124
Te gehaast om eerlijk te zijn.......................................................................................................125
Zeg me hoe betrouwbaar je bent...............................................................................................127
Liegen voor het goede doel ….....................................................................................................128
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller merelwillemsen04. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.05. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53340 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now