NERC BGLA1 EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2023

A radial transmission line is overloaded. Which action must a transmission operator do to unload the line?. Shed load at the end of the radial line.Feedback: A radial line carries power in one direction to serve the load demands at the end of that line. When a radial line is overloaded, the system operator will have to shed load to relieve the overload condition. A Balancing Authority's largest single contingency is a unit rated at 1,000 MW. Which of the following disturbances would constitute a reportable disturbance for Disturbance Control Performance evaluation based on the NERC DCS criteria? The loss of a 950 MW generating unit at 100% output.Feedback: Reportable Disturbance (NERC Glossary) is any event that causes an ACE change greater than or equal to 80% of a Balancing Authority's or reserve sharing group's most severe contingency. In this question the 950-MW unit is 95% of the most severe single contingency and therefore meets the criteria of a DCS. Balancing Authority A has a peak load forecast of 5,000 MW at Hour Ending 1500 hour. Net Interchange Schedules are -1,500 MW (imports) for Hour Ending 0400 through 2200 hour. 500 MW is a Firm Schedule Total generation on-line is 7,500 MWs. A thunderstorm trips 3,000 MWs of generation at 1215 with a minimum resynchronizing time of 3 hours. Generation also trips generation in the sourcing Balancing Authority which forces the exporting BA to instantly cut a 1,000 MW schedule to this BA to zero. Notify the RC that this BA is in an EEA Level 2; start all available generation; schedule emergency interchange purchases; prepare to reduce firm loadFeedback: Balancing Authority A expecting a 5,000 MW peak at Hour Ending 1500 hour, when 3,000 MWs of the 7,500 MW of generation trips. That leaves 4,500 MWs of generation and 1,500 MW purchases to meet the peak demand. When the purchases are cut by 1,000 MW to a new Net of -500 MW. Total of 5,000 MW in generation and firm schedule to meet a forecasted 5,000 MW peak load. A factor to consider is a 5,000 MW forecast will most likely result in a higher instantaneous load and that there is NO generation available for reserves. A Balancing Authority in this situation would be in an Energy Emergency Alert Level 2 and will work with the Reliability Coordinator to implement mitigating actions, such as, demand side management. A Balancing Area has separated from the Interconnection during a severe thunder storm and is in a blackout condition. Several plants tripped off-line including a 200 MW blackstart capable unit and a blackstart capable hydro plant located 175 miles from the load center connected by a 345 kV system. What actions should the BA take to restore the area? Isolate the transmission paths into the power plants, Bring the 200 MW blackstart unit on line to support the power plants auxiliaries, Add load in 10 MW blocks while increasing generation, Bring on additional generation. Feedback: First Isolate the transmission paths requires a System Restoration Procedures. Clearing (opening) breakers systematically and then closing in a transmission path. Also to restore the area generation to support plant auxiliary must be provided by starting a blackstart unit. The hydro plant is not in a load center and is connected by high-voltage lines 175 miles away. Energizing a 345 kV transmission lines will require the hydro plant to absorb a tremendous amount of reactive (capacitance) power due to the Ferranti effect of the lines. It may not be possible to keep the voltage below 380 kV under no-load conditions. Therefore the best unit to start is the 200 MW unit at the appropriate generation value to balance any auxiliary loads. In an island, what is the most appropriate AGC mode of operation? Constant or Flat FrequencyNormally, the Tie Line Bias control mode, which compares the Net Actual Interchange to the Net Scheduled Interchange plus the Balancing Authority's frequency bias obligation, should be used. However, if a Balancing Authority is operating asynchronously (separated from the Interconnection), it should switch to Flat Frequency Control since its tie lines are no longer connected to the Interconnection. It is important for the Balancing Authority to maintain 60 Hz. In the Flat Frequency control mode, ACE is looking only at the system frequency, not the Interchange portion of the ACE equation. Which of the following is Which of the following is considered to be a reliability event? 1) Low voltage 2) Loss of a small generator 3) SOL or IROL exceeded 4) Loss of Energy Management System Reliability event is referred to as an event that affects or may potentially affect the reliability of the Bulk Electric System, such as loss of generation, transmission or load or violations or potential violations of operating limits. Once a deficient Balancing Authority informs the Reliability Coordinator of future or current Capacity and Energy Emergencies, it is the responsibility of the __________________ to mitigate the emergency condition? Deficient Balancing AuthorityAttachment 1 EOP-011, Energy Emergency Alerts The responsibilities for BAs and RCs are in attachment 1 to EOP-011. The RCs main responsibility is to notify other entities of the deficiency situation. The Balancing Authority still has responsibility of ensuring reliability by taking actions up to, and including shedding firm load (EEA3). When shall the Transmission Operator and Balancing Authority review and update its operating plan for backup functionality? Annually EOP-008 Loss of Control Center Functionality requirement states that the RC, TOP, and BA shall annually review and approve its Operating Plan for backup functionality. y After a major disturbance, Interconnection frequency is remaining around 59.92Hz, your Balancing Authority's ACE is 0 and have 200 MW of extra generation. What should the Balancing Authority system operator do? Offer assistance to entities needing it. After a disturbance where frequency declines significantly, the entire Interconnection will react (automatically) with governors increasing generation and load decreasing slightly. Load and Generation will rebalance at a lower frequency until generation is increased to return the Interconnection frequency to 60.00 Hz. The best answer is to offer assistance to the deficient Balancing Authority by offering the 200 MW of reserves in a bilateral interchange transaction to help restore generation and load balance in the Interconnection. In system restoration, priority should be given to: Restoring power to critical facilities. The affected Transmission Operators shall give high priority to restoration of offsite power to nuclear stations. You experience a full system shutdown. You are in the process of restoring load and you are concerned about re-collapsing the system. Which is the best approach in the restoration process that will help ensure your system will be restored successfully? Avoid energizing loads in excess of 5% of the online generation capacity of the system. When part of a Transmission Operator's system exceeds its operating limit, the Operator reports the events causing the exceedance and actions being taken to mitigate the exceedance to its Reliability Coordinator. However, after 20 minutes, the Reliability Coordinator realizes the Transmission Operator's actions will not return the system to its normal operating limits. What is the appropriate action for the Reliability Coordinator at this point? Issue Operating Instruction to the Transmission Operator to take actions that will return the system to within its normal operating limits. Transmission Operators, Balancing Transmission Operators, Balancing Authorities, Generator Operators, Distribution Providers, shall comply with Reliability Coordinator Operating Instructions unless such actions would violate which of the following? Safety, equipment, regulatory requirementsTransmission Operators, Balancing Authorities, Generator Operators, Distribution Providers must comply with Reliability Coordinator Operating Instructions unless such actions would violate safety equipment, or regulatory or statutory requirements. If the power flow on the transmission system exceeds acceptable limits, which corrective action(s) can the Reliability Coordinator instruct a Balancing Authority to take? Re-dispatch generation, reduce interchange or shed load This functional entity was established to provide a "big picture" view of the system and to coordinate with other entities. Reliability Coordinator The Reliability Coordinator function was established to facilitate coordination and to provide entities with the "big picture" view of the system.