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Samenvatting cytologie en histologie
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samenvatting van prof Calders
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CytologieBo D’Haene
1. celmembraan
2. cytoplasmatische organellen
3. de celkern
4. eiwitsynthese
5. energetische omzettingen in de cel
6. genetica
7. celgroei en celdeling
8. embryologie
, Hoofdstuk 1: celmembraan
Celafmeting
= meestal microscopische afmetingen (dus meestal zeer klein)
= afhankelijk van organisme
➢ Verhouding oppervlakte/volume afhankelijk van
Diffusiemogelijkheid
Controle van kern
▪ Word te groot? afbouwen/splitsen
➢ Celvolume
Onafh van grootte van organisme
➔ Lager metabolisme ( activiteit v/d cel), grotere afmetingen
Celvorm
Kenmerken:
➢ Wisselend
= vrije cellen, veranderlijk/ vervormbaar -> bewegelijkheid
➢ Constant
= vaste cellen, vaste vorm bepaald door functionaliteit + invloed andere cellen
Celbouw : 3 grote delen
➢ Celmembraan 1. Strcutuur v celmembraan
➢ Cytoplasma + celorganellen 2. Speciale vormingen in celmembraan
➢ De kern → aan extracellulaire ruimte
→ aan de intercellulaire ruimte
3. Transport doorheen het celmembraan
Celmembraan 4. Membraanpotentiaal
5. Intercellulaire communicatie
1. Structuur
= dubbele fosfolipidenlaag -> dynamisch
- Fosfaatgroep -> polair hydrofiel = naar waterige milieu
- Georiënteerde Lipiden = vetzuren -> apolair hydrofoob = naar midden van membraan
- Globulaire Eiwitten/proteïnen = verdeeld in/uit het membraan volgens mozaïek patroon
➢ Integrale eiwitten: overspannen het volledige membraan
➢ Perifere eiwitten: aan binnen- of buitenkant
- Cholesterol → om de mobiliteit in te perken
- Functies
1. Structureel: als bouwelement
2. transport
3. ionenkanalen
4. pompen
5. receptoren
6. enzymen
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