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NBCE Physiotherapy PT – Qs & As
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NBCE Physiotherapy PT – Qs & As
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NBCE Physiotherapy PT – Qs & Asphases of healing Correct Ans - - inflammation
- repair
- remodeling
what is the purpose of inflammation Correct Ans - - immobilize the area
- defend against intruders
- remove damaged tissue and debris
signs of inflammation Correct Ans - celsus
- heat
- redness
- pain
- swelling
virchow
- loss of function
what characterizes inflammation Correct Ans - - vasodilation
- increased capillary permeability
- phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages
- growth of new capillaries
inflammatory chemicals that cause pain Correct Ans - - bradykinin
- prostaglandins
- serotonin
type of secondary injury caused by lysosomal enzymes and healthy tissue is
damaged Correct Ans - secondary enzymatic injury
type of secondary injury caused by hemorrhage, clotting, edema, spasms, hematoma Correct Ans - secondary hypoxic injury
what does hemorrhage, clotting, edema, spasms and hematoma lead to in secondary injury Correct Ans - decreased oxygen and nutrients to the area (secondary hypoxic injury) goal of inflammation phase Correct Ans - preserve ROM
what can be done to limit extent of inflammation Correct Ans - PRICE
- protect
- rest
- ice
- compress
- elevate
timing of acute phase of ankle sprains Correct Ans - grade 1 - 1-3 days
grade 2 - 2-4 days
grade 3 - 3-7 days
goals in acute phase of ankle sprains Correct Ans - - decrease swelling
- decrease pain
- protect from reinjury
- maintain appropriate weight bearing
angiogenesis takes place in which phase of healing Correct Ans - repair phase
proliferation phase Correct Ans - repair phase
mechanoreceptors Correct Ans - - meissner's - pacinian
- merkle
- ruffini
mechanoreceptors for pressure and touch Correct Ans - meissner's
mechanoreceptors for skin stretch/pressure Correct Ans - merkle
proprioceptors Correct Ans - - golgi tendon organs
- pacinian - ruffini proprioceptor for change in muscle length and spindle tension Correct Ans - golgi tendon organ
proprioceptor for change in joint position Correct Ans - pacinian
proprioceptor for vibration Correct Ans - pacinian
proprioceptor for joint end range Correct Ans - ruffini
timing for repair phase for ankle sprain Correct Ans - grade 1 - 2-4 days
grade 2 - 3-5 days
grade 3 - 4-8 days
goals for repair phase of ankle sprain Correct Ans - - decrease swelling
- decrease pain
- increase pain free ROM
- begin strengthening
- begin non-weight bearing proprioceptive training
- provide protective support as needed
therapeutic exercises during repair phase include Correct Ans - - active ROM
- strength exercises
- proprioceptive training
- stretching
modalities used to decrease pain and swelling in repair phase of ankle sprain Correct Ans - - IFC, PreMod, Hi-Volt
- ice, contrast bath
- massage, gentle
- soft orthotics
maturation phase of healing Correct Ans - remodeling phase
can lead to joint adhesion and loss of motion Correct Ans - scar contraction characteristics of remodeling phase of healing Correct Ans - - scar contraction
- decrease blood vessels
- type III collagen replaced by type I
- collagen aligns along stress lines
- cross linking continues
timing of remodeling phase of ankle sprain Correct Ans - grade 1 - 1 week
grade 2 - 2 weeks
grade 3 - 3 weeks
goals for remodeling phase of healing Correct Ans - - increase pain free ROM
- progress proprioceptive training
- regain full strength
- normal biomechanics
- protect and strengthen any residual joint instability
therapeutic exercises for remodeling phase of healing Correct Ans - - stretching - strengthening
- proprioceptive training
average healing times for different tissues in the body Correct Ans - - bone (12 weeks)
- muscle (6 weeks - 6 months for 90% strength)
- tendon (40-50 weeks for 85-95% strength)
- ligament (40-50 weeks for ~100% strength)
Ability of a tissue to return to it's previous
shape or size following the application of a
force. Correct Ans - elasticity
Point of force beyond which tissue won't
return to former shape / size when force is
removed. Correct Ans - elastic limit
Ability to deform without return to prior
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