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Samenvatting bouwrecht en -management
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Samenvatting van het mastervak II-Bouwrecht en -management, bouwkunde.
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BOUWRECHT EN -MANAGEMENTMaster Ingenieurswetenschappen, Bouwkunde (UAntwerpen)
Prof. Stephanie Wernaers
Academiejaar 2016 - 2017
1
, DEEL I: INLEIDING TOT HET RECHT
1 Begripsomschrijving van het recht ................................................................................................ 11
1.1 Recht...................................................................................................................................... 11
1.2 Rechtstaat .............................................................................................................................. 11
1.3 Scheiding der machten .......................................................................................................... 11
2 Verschillende rechtstakken ............................................................................................................ 11
3 Verschillende soorten rechtsregels ................................................................................................ 11
4 Verschillende rechtscolleges van de rechterlijke orde .................................................................. 12
4.1 Vredegerecht ......................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 Politierechtbank ..................................................................................................................... 12
4.3 Rechtbank van eerste aanleg ................................................................................................. 12
4.4 Rechtbank van koophandel.................................................................................................... 12
4.5 Arbeidsrechtbank................................................................................................................... 13
4.6 Hof van Beroep ..................................................................................................................... 13
4.7 Hof van Assisen..................................................................................................................... 13
4.8 Hof van Cassatie .................................................................................................................... 13
5 Bronnen van het recht.................................................................................................................... 13
5.1 De grondwet .......................................................................................................................... 13
5.2 De wetten............................................................................................................................... 13
5.3 De decreten en ordonnanties ................................................................................................. 13
5.4 De verdragen ......................................................................................................................... 14
5.5 De koninklijke besluiten ........................................................................................................ 14
5.6 Besluiten van de gemeenschaps- en gewestregeringen ......................................................... 14
5.7 Provinciale en gemeentelijke verordeningen ......................................................................... 14
5.8 Ministeriële omzendbrieven .................................................................................................. 14
5.9 De rechtspraak ....................................................................................................................... 14
5.10 Algemene rechtsbeginselen ................................................................................................... 14
5.11 De gewoonte .......................................................................................................................... 15
DEEL II: ZAKENRECHT
1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................... 16
2 Indeling van de verschillende goederen ........................................................................................ 16
2.1 Lichamelijke en onlichamelijke goederen ............................................................................. 16
2.2 Onroerende en roerende goederen ......................................................................................... 16
2.2.1 Onroerende goederen..................................................................................................... 17
2.2.2 Roerende goederen ........................................................................................................ 17
2
, 2.3 Geïndividualiseerde goederen en goederen die aan niemand toebehoren ............................. 18
2.4 Goederen in en buiten de handel ........................................................................................... 18
2.5 Gebruiks- en verbruiksgoederen............................................................................................ 18
2.6 Vervangbare en niet-vervangbare goederen .......................................................................... 18
2.7 Goederen van particulieren of van de overheid ..................................................................... 19
2.7.1 Goederen van particulieren (= privaat domein) ............................................................. 19
2.7.2 Goederen van de overheid (= openbaar domein)........................................................... 19
3 Bezit............................................................................................................................................... 19
3.1 Omschrijving van het begrip ................................................................................................. 19
3.2 Bezit te goeder trouw en te kwader trouw ............................................................................. 19
3.2.1 Te goeder trouw............................................................................................................. 20
3.2.2 Te kwader trouw ............................................................................................................ 20
3.3 Deugdelijk bezit .................................................................................................................... 20
3.3.1 Voortdurend bezit .......................................................................................................... 20
3.3.2 Ongestoord bezit............................................................................................................ 20
3.3.3 Ondubbelzinnig bezit..................................................................................................... 20
3.3.4 Openbaar bezit ............................................................................................................... 20
3.4 Rechtsgevolgen van deugdelijk bezit .................................................................................... 20
3.4.1 Onroerende goederen..................................................................................................... 20
3.4.2 Roerende goederen ........................................................................................................ 21
4 Eigendom....................................................................................................................................... 21
4.1 Begrip en kenmerken............................................................................................................. 21
4.1.1 Absoluut recht ............................................................................................................... 21
4.1.2 Vervreemdbaar .............................................................................................................. 22
4.1.3 Zelfstandig, zakelijk recht ............................................................................................. 22
4.1.4 Algemeen recht.............................................................................................................. 22
4.1.5 Eeuwigdurend recht ....................................................................................................... 22
4.2 Voorwerp van eigendomsrecht .............................................................................................. 22
4.3 Eigendomsverwerving ........................................................................................................... 22
4.3.1 Toe-eigening .................................................................................................................. 22
4.3.2 Vinding .......................................................................................................................... 22
4.3.3 Achtergelaten voorwerpen............................................................................................. 23
4.3.4 Natrekking ..................................................................................................................... 23
4.4 Beperkingen van het eigendomsrecht .................................................................................... 23
4.4.1 Beperkingen van privaatrechtelijke aard ....................................................................... 23
4.4.2 Beperkingen van publieke aard ..................................................................................... 24
5 Theorie van de burenhinder ........................................................................................................... 24
3
, 5.1 Schuldige en schuldloze burenhinder .................................................................................... 24
5.1.1 Fout................................................................................................................................ 24
5.1.2 Schade ........................................................................................................................... 24
5.1.3 Causaal verband of oorzakelijk verband ....................................................................... 24
5.2 Uitgangspunt van de burenhinder: evenwichtsleer ................................................................ 24
5.3 Begrippen .............................................................................................................................. 25
5.3.1 Wat is nabuurschap? ...................................................................................................... 25
5.3.2 Het begrip hinder ........................................................................................................... 25
5.4 Toepassingsvereisten ............................................................................................................. 25
5.4.1 Titularis van een attribuut van het eigendomsrecht ....................................................... 25
5.4.2 Een daad, een verzuim of enige gedraging .................................................................... 26
5.4.3 Oorzakelijk verband en toerekenbaarheid ..................................................................... 26
5.5 Burenhinder t.g.v. bouwwerkzaamheden .............................................................................. 26
5.6 Compensatie t.g.v. burenhinder ............................................................................................. 26
5.7 Verjaring van de rechtsvordering inzake burenhinder .......................................................... 27
5.8 Burenhinder en de overheid................................................................................................... 27
6 Mede-eigendom (= onverdeeldheid) ............................................................................................. 27
6.1 Algemeen............................................................................................................................... 27
6.2 Vrijwillige mede-eigendom ................................................................................................... 27
6.3 Gedwongen mede-eigendom: appartementsmede-eigendom ................................................ 28
6.3.1 Begrip ............................................................................................................................ 28
6.3.2 Basisakte en reglement van mede-eigendom................................................................. 28
6.3.3 Organen van de mede-eigendom ................................................................................... 28
6.4 Gedwongen mede-eigendom: de gemene muur .................................................................... 30
6.4.1 Omschrijving van het begrip ‘gemene muur’ ................................................................ 30
6.4.2 Kenmerken .................................................................................................................... 30
6.4.3 Ontstaan van een gemene muur ..................................................................................... 30
6.4.4 Gevolgen van muurgemeenschap .................................................................................. 31
6.4.5 Beëindiging van muurgemeenheid ................................................................................ 31
6.4.6 Formaliteiten bij muurgemeenheid................................................................................ 31
7 Vruchtgebruik, recht van gebruik, recht van bewoning ................................................................ 32
7.1 Vruchtgebruik........................................................................................................................ 32
7.1.1 Omschrijving ................................................................................................................. 32
7.1.2 De rechten en verplichtingen van de vruchtgebruiker ................................................... 32
7.1.3 Einde van het vruchtgebruik .......................................................................................... 33
7.2 Recht van gebruik .................................................................................................................. 33
7.3 Recht van bewoning .............................................................................................................. 33
4
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