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Nur242: Oncology Exam 2023/123 Complete Questions And Answers Rated (A+)
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Nur242: Oncology Exam 2023/123 CompleteQuestions And Answers Rated (A+)
Quiz :dysplasia vs neoplasia - Answer :-dysplasia: reversible
-neoplasia: irreversible/cancer
Quiz :Cell cycle: - Answer :G0 = resting state
G1 (Gap 1)
S-phase (synthesis)
G2 (Gap 2)
M (Mitosis) = two identical daughter cells
*G1-G2 "interphase" = chromosomes copied
Quiz :tumor suppressor genes... - Answer :prevent cells from going through
the cell cycle but mutations can make them inactive
Ex. BRCA 1
Quiz :Development of cancer: - Answer :1. Initiation- Mutation of DNA (mostly
acquired)
2. Promotion- promoters (obesity, fat, alcohol, smoking)
3. Progression- growth (tumor angiogenesis), invasiveness, metastasis
Quiz :Carcinogens - Answer :Enter nucleus and damage DNA
1. Benzene, Arsenic, formaldehyde, asbestos
2. Radiation
3. Viral (HBV, HCV, HPV, H Pylori)
4. Obesity
5. Smoking
6. alcohol
7. dietary fat
Quiz :Latent period:
Size to be picked up on MRi - Answer :1. time btw initial genetic alteration to
clinical evidence; 1 to 40 yrs
2. 0.5 cm; 1.0 cm to be palpable
Quiz :What is skip metastasis? - Answer :tumor cells travel to distant nodes
Quiz :Immune system role: - Answer :1. Lymphocytes cont. check cells for
tumor associated antigens and destroy them
, Quiz :Immunologic escape: How? (6) - Answer :1. suppress factors that
stimulate T cells
2. Weak surface antigens allow them to sneak through
3. immune system develops tolerance to some tumor antigens
4. cancer cells suppress immune system by products they secrete
5. induction of suppressor T cells
6. blocking antibodies from binding TAAs, preventing recognition
Quiz :Oncofetal antigens... - Answer :Found in/on tumor cells, as a result as
cell regains its embryonic capability
ex. PSA
Quiz :Main difference btw Benign vs. malignant neoplasms -
Answer :Malignant cells invade and metastasize
Quiz :How is cancer classified? (3) - Answer :1. Anatomic site
2. Histology/grading
3. Extent/Staging
Quiz :Anatomic site classification
1. identified by?
2. Carcinomas?
3. Sarcomas?
4. Lymphomas/leukemias? - Answer :1. tissue of origin
2. ectoderm (skin and glands) and endoderm (mucous membranes)
3. mesoderm (CT, muscle, bone, fat)
4. Hematopoietic system
Quiz :Histologic classification of cancer:
1. based on?
2. Grade 1
3. Grade 2
4. Grade 3
5. Grade 4 - Answer :1. appearance of cells and degree of differentiation
2. well differentiated
3. mod. differentiated
4. poorly differentiated
5. undifferentiated/immature/primitive
, Quiz :Extent of disease classification:
1. based on what 3 parameters?
2. Tis/O
3. 1
4. 2
5. 3
6. 4
7. X - Answer :1. Tumor size/invasiveness, Node lymph spread, Metastasis
2. in situ; only superficial (not invasie)
3. localized origin
4. local spread
5. local & regional spread
6. metastasis
7. cannot be measured
Quiz :T or F: once stage classification is made, it cannot be changed -
Answer :True (but may be restaged)
Quiz :Cancer: Assessments (13) - Answer :1. Fatigue, fever
2. wt loss, vomiting
3. pain (HA, bone pain)
4. mass
5. pallor, purpura, whitish reflex of eyes
6. lymphadenopathy
7. changes in bowel or bladder habits
8. A sore that doesn't heal
9. unusual bleeding or discharge from orifices
10. Thickening/lump
11. Indigestion/dysphagia
12. obvious changes in wart/monitor, walking/coordination
13. Nagging cough/hoarseness
Quiz :Additional measures to reduce r/of cancer and why - Answer :1.
Adequate rest
2. reduce stress
Bc they weaken immune system
3. Obesity (chronic low grade inflammation can damage DNA)
Quiz :Cancer therapy can serve 3 main purposes? - Answer :Curative, Control,
palliative
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