ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
UTMB 5355 EXAM 2 / UTMB5355
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2023/2024 LATEST GUIDE.
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1. Oncogenes: cancer causing genes, promote uncontrolled growth of cells
2. Proto-oncogenes: promote normal cell growth factor and division
3. If proto-oncogenes are mutated the become -:...
6. Cancer develops with increase in - and decrease in -: oncogenes, tumorsuppressor genes
7. What are the 2 main types of Tumor Suppressor Genes?: Gatekeepers &Caretakers
8. tumor suppressor genes: encode proteins that inhibit growth, prevent and repairmutations but if
mutated will increase cancer risk
9. Gatekeeper: regulate cell proliferation, cell type specific, normally prevent uncon-trolled growth and
potential progression of cancer
10. Caretaker: suppress gene mutations, repair DNA, if not functioning correctlymutation can
occur
11. How does chronic inflammation cause cancer?: Inflammation increases freeradicals and reactive
oxygen species which promote mutation
12. interfere with insulin signaling leading to insulin resistance in stress,obesity, and Type 2
Diabetes.: Pro-inflammatory cytokines
13. TP53 gene: tumor suppressor gene, if lost due to mutation cells escape apop-tosis and can divide
indefinitely increasing risk of cancer
14. tumor necrosis factor is _ cytokine: pro-inflammatory, may be related tocarcinogenesis
15. 4 functions of TNF: 1)cell survival2)cell
proliferation
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