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Summary BHCS2006 - Infection and Immunity - Bacteria Cheat Sheet $10.37   Add to cart

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Summary BHCS2006 - Infection and Immunity - Bacteria Cheat Sheet

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An indepth cheat sheet of all the bacteria and identification skills needed for the BHCS2006 infection and immunity exam for biomedical science at University of Plymouth

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  • November 2, 2023
  • 6
  • 2023/2024
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Bacteria Cheat Sheet



Bacterial Cell Wall

 There are three types of cell wall layers

o Gram positive

 Stains purple with crystal violet

 90% peptidoglycan

 High muramic acid and low lipid content

 Contains teichoic acid

 Can form spores

o Gram negative

 Stains pink with safranin

 10% peptidoglycan

 LPS-endotoxin

 Doesn’t contain teichoic acid

 High lipid content

o Acid fast

 The function of the cell wall is to

o Maintain cell’s shape by countering osmotic pressure

o Protect bacteria from external stresses

o Provides attachment sites for bacteriophages

o Essential role in cell division

o Site of major antigenic determinants of cell surface



Gram Stain

 To carry out a gram stain

o Set and stain bacteria with crystal violet

o Wash and Stain with iodine

o Wash and de-stain with ethanol

o Counterstain with Safranin

, Bacterial Cell Components

 The cytoplasmic membrane

o Site of biosynthesis for DNA, cell wall polymers and membrane lipids

o Selective permeability and transport of solutes

o Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation

o Excretion of hydrolytic enzymes

 The capsule

o Contribution to virulence of bacteria preventing phagocytosis by white blood cells

 The flagella

o Motility

 Fimbriae

o Filamentous, adherence factor

o Can be gram positive or negative

 Pili

o Long hair like projections that act as virus receptors for gram negative bacteria

 Endospores

o Dormant and highly resistant

o Produced in times of stress

o Contain calcium dipicolinic acid

 Plasmids

o Small DNA molecules that are circular or linear

o Self replicating and contain genes for AMR and virulence



Classification of Bacteria

 Gram stains

 Morphology

 Metabolic behaviour

 Growth temperatures

 Biotyping

 Infection patters

 Antigenic composition

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