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samenvatting van wat is biotech t.e.m DNA/RNA concentratie - zuiveringsbepaling $10.08   Add to cart

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samenvatting van wat is biotech t.e.m DNA/RNA concentratie - zuiveringsbepaling

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samenvatting van wat is biotech t.e.m DNA/RNA concentratie - zuiveringsbepaling

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  • November 3, 2023
  • 6
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
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1. Wat is biotechnologie

 = technologie gebaseerd op biologie (Bio – related technology)
 Organismen
 Ontwikkeling en productie nieuwe producten en technologieën

1.1. Geschiedenis

 1e generatie
 Klassieke biologie
 Oude Egypte -> brood en bier
 Vb 1: bier
- Organisme: gist
- Technologie: brouwproces
 Vb 2: kaas
- Organisme: melkzuurbacterie
- Technologie: productie van kaas

 2e generatie: industriële biotechnologie
 Vb 1: aanmaak van vaccins M.b.v biotechnologie
- Groei van cellen
 Vb 2: aanmaak van antibiotica M.b.v biotech

 3e generatie: moderne biotechnologie
 Vb: aanmaak insuline door bacterie E. Coli via
- DNA technologie/gentechnologie
- = erfelijk materiaal van een organisme wijzigen
- = genetische modificatie

1.2. Deelgebieden

 Rode biotechnologie
 Biomedische/farmaceutische doeleinden
- Ontwikkeling geneesmiddelen, vaccins
- Ontwikkeling diagnostische test

 Groene biotechnologie
 Planten en levensmiddelen
- GGO mais is meer bestand tegen infecties met schimmels of wortels
- GGO rijst ‘golden rice’ hoger gehalte bèta – caroteen -> precursor vitamine
A
- Vb: aroma’s in levensmiddelen (= gebrouwen vanilline geproduceerd door
bacteriën i.p.v dure originele vanilleplant)




1

,  Witte biotechnologie
 Duurzame ontwikkeling
- Biomassa en biodegradeerbare plastiek

 Blauwe biotechnologie
 Vb: agarose uit algen

 In biotech 1 -> vooral rode biotech
 Gezondheidszorg
 Biomedische/farmaceutische doeleinden
- Ontwikkeling geneesmiddelen, vaccins
- Ontwikkeling diagnostische test

2. Wat is DNA?

 Desoxyribonucleïnezuur
 Zie deel knowledge

2.1. Waar vinden we DNA terug?

 In virussen
 In cellen
 Prokaryote cel
 Nucleotiden -> geen celkern
 Vb: E. Coli genoom bestaat uit 5 miljoen bp = 1,6 mm lang
- Bacterie is 2 µm lang = 1000 x korter dan lengte genoom
- Hele genoom in kleine cel -> supercoiling

 Eukaryote cellen
 Genoom menselijke cel: 3 miljard bp = ong 2 meter lang
 Doorsnede cel: ong 10 µm = 200 000 x kleiner -> supercoiling
 Eukaryote cellen zijn sterk gedifferentieerd




3. DNA extractie

2

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