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Community assessment paper and windshield survey for community health nursing

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  • November 3, 2023
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  • 2018/2019
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Community Assessment & Initiative on Youth Homelessness in Toronto



York University

HH/NURS4525A: Health and Healing: Community as Partner

, Community Assessment & Initiative on Youth Homelessness in Toronto


Homelessness remains to be one of the significant problems in Toronto. Through the data

collection process, it has been identified that one of the most negatively impacted age groups is

the homeless youth. With their age, they lack financial and social support to assist them in

transitioning into the responsibilities of adulthood, which can have a detrimental impact and

long-term effects on their mental and physical health (The Homeless Hub, n.d). Poor overall

health among the homeless youth are caused by a delay in seeking treatment as they decline to

access healthcare due to their experience of discrimination, stigmatization, and poor treatment

from health care providers (HCPs). This report aims to identify this population's specific needs

regarding their social determinants of Health (SDoH), develop advocacy initiatives to urge all

levels of governments and organizations to help increase access to mental health services, and

reduce stigmatization towards the homeless youth.


Community Description


The community of interest are the homeless youth in Toronto. There is a rate of 12% of

homeless youth in the age range of 16-24 years old with individuals who identify themselves as

part of the Indigenous and/or LGBTQ community (City of Toronto, 2021). The homeless youth

in Toronto face various challenges in maintaining their health and well-being. Many of their

issues stem from adverse early life experience and trauma which is further exacerbated by social

determinants of health such as poverty, lack of social support and coping skills, and the lack of

education (Stafford & Wood, 2017).


Community Consultation

, Structured Face-to-Face Interviews

Conducting a face-to-face interview will be an effective way to gather information about

the homeless population living in Toronto, shelter managers and street service providers. Given

the living conditions of the homeless youth populations, accessing the technology would create

barriers for them to complete the interviews. Hence, completing an in-person face-to-face

interview will allow us to recruit more participants and we will be able to obtain diverse

experiences from different homeless youths. Up to 75% of the homeless youth are living in city-

administered shelters, thus an interview is best to take place in a shelter (City of Toronto, 2021).

We can prepare a set of open-ended questions, allowing the interviewer to collect broader

information. Friendly approaches from us will help build rapport and develop trust with the

youth, which will motivate them to disclose sensitive information (Schober, 2018). At the same

time, we can also interview homeless shelter managers and street service providers from

different homeless organizations such as Covenant House Toronto, The 519 and YouthLink. This

will allow us to get a different perspective of the homeless youth’s experiences surrounding their

needs and the available mental health resources provided. Interviewing individuals who have

direct interaction with the youth allows us to have a better understanding of the ways that

different organizations and shelters use to assist the youth.


In-Person Focus Groups


Focus group is a discussion led by a facilitator whose goal is to have a better

understanding of the group or population involved (Stamler et al., 2020). By conducting focus

groups in the community or shelters within the City of Toronto, we, as community health nurses

(CHNs), can gather a comprehensive understanding of the various perceptions, beliefs, attitudes

and experiences of this population. This can also reveal their needs, access, and availability of

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