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Samenvatting - Overzicht van de Beeldende Kunsten:

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Overzichtelijke(!!!) samenvatting van Beeldende Kunsten: (gegeven door Maximiliaan Martens). Alle werken in kaders gelijst en extra informatie bijgeschreven. Gemaakt adhv lesnotities, andere samenvattingen, extra informatie uit boeken... LET OP: tweede deel niet gegeven door Koenraad Jonckheere, m...

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  • November 4, 2023
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Ize De Smet Schooljaar 2022 – 2023




Samenvatting Overzicht van de Beeldende Kunsten:
1300 – 1789




1

,Ize De Smet Schooljaar 2022 – 2023



KUNSTSTROMINGEN

• Middeleeuwse kunst • Precisionisme (1920-1940)
o romaanse kunst (1000-1200) o Organische abstractie (1940 - 1960)
o gotische kunst (1122-1550) • Plasticisme
▪ Vroeggotiek (1122-1200) • spatialisme (1946 - heden)
▪ Hooggotiek (1200-1300) • Informele Kunst (1945 - 1960)
▪ Internationale gotiek o Existentiële kunst (1945 - heden)
▪ Laatgotiek (1300-1500) • Abstract expressionisme (1946 - 1960)
• Renaissance (1400-1600) o Action Painting
o vroegrenaissance (ca 1400 - 1500) o Materieschilderkunst (1955 - heden)
o hoogrenaissance (1495-1520) o Tachisme (1940 - 1960)
o laatrenaissance of maniërisme (1520 o Color field painting (1960)
- 1600) o zero (1958-1966)
o noordelijke renaissance o Hard edge (1959 - 1965)
• Barok (1600 - 1750) o post-abstract expressionisme (1959-
• Rococo (1720 - 1775) 1965)
• Classicisme (1750 - 1850) o neo-abstractionisme / neo-geo (1985
• Romantiek (1800 - 1848) - heden)
o Neo-Romanticisme (1915 - 1950) • Art Brut (1947 - 1985)
• Realisme (1830 - 1870) • Concrete Kunst (1930 - 1950)
o Sociaal realisme (1850 - 1884) • Neo-dadaïsme / pre pop / proto pop (1956 - 19
• Impressionisme (1860 - 1890) o Pop art (1956 - 1965)
• Postimpressionisme (1884 - 1905) • neorealisme / poptical art (1955 - 1969)
o Pointillisme (1882 - 1904) o Nouveau Réalisme (1960 - 1970)
o Cloisonnisme (1890 - 1904) o Kapitalistisch realisme (1963 - 1975)
o Luminisme (1890 - 1904) o Ugly realists (1964 - 1966)
• Art nouveau - Jugendstil (1880 - 1914) o hyperrealisme (1965 - 1975)
• Art deco (1920 - 1939) • Fluxus (1961 - heden)
o Functionalisme (1920 - 1970) o Body art
• Prerafaelisme (1848 - 1860)
o Eat Art (1970 - heden)
o Mail art (1970 - heden)
• Symbolisme (1884 - 1904)
• Minimalisme (1960 - heden)
• Expressionisme (1905 - 1940)
o Arte Povera (1967 - 1971)
o Fauvisme (1889 - 1908) o Conceptuele kunst (1960 - heden)
o Die Brücke (1905-1913) o Environmental Art (1969 - heden)
o Der Blaue Reiter (1911 - 1914) o Land art (1960 - heden)
• Kubisme (1906 - 1920) o Process art Movement (1965
• Abstracte kunst (1908 - heden) - heden)
• Futurisme (1909 - 1914) • Optical art (1964 - heden)
o Vorticisme (1912 - 1915) • Neo-expressionisme (1979 - 1985)
• Rayonisme (1909) o neue Wilden (1979 - 1985)
• Postkubisme (1912 -1918) o figuration libre
o Orphisme (1910 - 131) o The Chicago Imagists (1965 - 1972)
o Purisme (1918 - 1925) o After Nature / Nieuwe Wilden (1987
• Dadaïsme (1916 - 1924) – 1995)
• Metafysische schilderkunst (1917 - 1920) o Transavantguardia Italiana (1979 -
• Neoplasticisme (1917 - 1944) 1982)
o De Stijl (1917 - 1931) • Kinetische kunst (1950 - 1965)
o Het Bauhaus (1919 - 1932) • neo pop art (1991 - heden)
o Elementarisme (1925) o Super Flat Art (1990 - heden)
• neue Sachlichkeit / Nieuwe Zakelijkheid (1918 • Hedendaags realisme (1969 - heden)
o Verisme (1920) • Postminimalisme (1969 - heden)
o Classicisme (1925 - 1940) o New British Sculpture (1980)
o magisch realisme (1925 - 1940) • Neoconceptualisme (1985 - heden)
• Constructivisme (1919 - 1934) o The Young British Artists
• Suprematisme (1913 - 1930)
• Surrealisme (1924 - 1940)


2

,Inhoudstafel
KUNSTSTROMINGEN --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

1. VAN ‘MANIERA GRECA ’ TOT ‘INTERNATIONALE STIJL’ ..................................................................................................... 7
1.1. Pre 1300 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Nicolas van Verdun ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
STRAATSBURG, KATHEDRAAL: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
REIMS, KATHEDRAAL: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9
Villard de Honnecourt -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.1.1. Vroege gothiek in Italië .............................................................................................................................................................10
Cimabue (actief Florence, 1272 – 1302) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
1.2. 1300 – 1350: Italië................................................................................................................................................... 11
Giotto ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
PADUA, ARENAKAPEL:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
Duccio di Buoninsegna (actief in Siena, ca. 1278 – 1319) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13
Simone Martini (actief in Siena, 1315 – 1344) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
De gebroeders Pietro Lorenzetti (actief in Siena ca. 1320 – 1348) en Ambrogio Lorenzetti (actief in Siena ca. 1319 – 1348) ------------------------------------------------------------16
Nicola Pisano (ca. 1220 – 1278) en Giovanni Pisano (actief in Pisa ca. 1250 – 1320), vader en zoon --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
PISA, KATHEDRAAL: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
Andrea Pisano (ca. 1270 – 1348) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
1.3. 1300 – 1350: Frankrijk ............................................................................................................................................ 18
Maitre Honoré (actief in Parijs voor 1288 – 1318)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
Jean Pucelle (actief in Parijs, ca. 1325 – 1328)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
Jean le Noir --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
1.4. Mecenaat van het huis Valois, ca. 1350 – 1420 .................................................................................................... 19
1) Karel V van Frankrijk (Charles V, R. 1364 – 1380) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
Jan Baudolf (Jean Bondol, actief in Parijs, ca. 1360 – 1380) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
Meester van het parement de Narbonne ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
TRÈS BELLES HEURES DE NOTRE DAME: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
André Beauneveu, (actief in Valenciennes ca. 1355 – Bourges ca. 1400) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
2) Lodewijk, Hertog van Anjou (Louis d’Anjou) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
TAPIJTENREEKS VAN JAN BAUDOLF EN NICOLAS BATAILLE: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22
Boucicaut Meester (actief in Parijs, ca. 1400 – 1420)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23
GETIJDENBOEK VAN JEAN LE MEINGRE: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23
Gebroeders Van Limburg: Pol, Herman en Jan (actief voor 1399 – ca. 1416) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
TRÈS RICHES HEURES DE DUC DE BERRY: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
3) Filips de Stoute, Hertog van Bourgondië (Philippe Lehard) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
Claus Sluter (actief voor 1379 – 1406) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
CHARTREUSE VAN CHAMPMOL: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
Claus de Werve ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
Jan Maelwael (actief 1396 – 1415) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
Henri Bellechose (actief in Bourgondië 1415 – 1545) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
Meester van het Treborn---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
Lorenzo Monaco--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32

2. DE VLAAMSE PRIMITIEVEN: ARS NOVA........................................................................................................................... 33
2.1. Het retabel van Champmol ..................................................................................................................................... 33
Jacob de Baerze (actief in Dendermonde, ca. 1380 – 1400) en Melchior Broederlam (actief van 1381 – 1409) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
Gelders of Bourgondisch Meester ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
2.2. Hubert van Eyck en Jan van Eyck ............................................................................................................................ 35
Hubert van Eyck (actief in Maaseik (?) – in Gent 1426) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35
LAM GODS -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35
Jan van Eyck (actief in Maaseik (?), ca. 1390 (?) – in Brugge 1441) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
PORTRETTEN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
2.3. Robert Campin (alias meester van Flémale; actief in Doornik, 1406 – 1444) ...................................................... 41
2.4. Rogier van der Weyden (1399 – Brussel 1464) ...................................................................................................... 43
3. DE VROEGE RENAISSANCE .............................................................................................................................................. 47
3.1. Renaissance en humanisme .................................................................................................................................... 47
3.2. Lineair perspectief ................................................................................................................................................... 48
3.2.1. Reconstructie van brunelleschi’s perspectief-experiment: projectie van 3D op 2D vlak......................................................48
3.2.2. Schematische voorstelling van methode voor constructie van lineair perspectief in Leon Battista Alberti, De Pictura
(1435) – Della Pittura (1436) .....................................................................................................................................................................48
3.2.3. Lineair perspectief – definitie ...................................................................................................................................................48
Paolo Ucello -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------49
Piero della Fransesca --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------49
3.3. Beeldhouwkunst eerste helft Quattrocento ........................................................................................................... 49
WEDSTRIJD VAN DE TWEEDE BRONZEN DEUR VAN HET BAPTISTERIUM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------49
Filippo Brunelleschi (actief in Florence 1377 – 1446) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50
Lorenzo Ghiberti (actief in Florence, 1378 – 1455) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50
Jacopo della Quercia (1374 – 1438) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53
Nanni di Banco (1384 – 1421)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------54
Donatello (actief in Florence, 1386 – 1466) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------54
Gentile da Fabriano (1370 – 1727) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------57
Masolino (1383 – 1440/47) en Masaccio (1401 – 1429) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------58
Fra Angelo (1400 – 1455) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61

,Ize De Smet Schooljaar 2022 – 2023


Fra Filippo Lippi (actief in Florence, 1406 – 1469) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------62
Paolo Uccello (1397 – 1475) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63
SLAG VAN SAN ROMANO -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------64
Domenico Veniziano (ca. 1410 – 1461) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------65
Andrea del Castagno (ca. 1417 – 1457) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------65

4. TWEEDE GENERATIE IN DE NEDERLANDEN EN ITALIË .................................................................................................... 66
4.1. De tweede generatie schilders in de Nederlanden, ca. 1450 – 1500 .................................................................... 66
Petrus Christus (actief in Brugge, 1444 – 1476) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------66
Dirk Bouts (1415 – 1475) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------66
Hugo van der Goes (actief in Gent, ca. 1430 – 1482) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------68
Simon Marmion (actief in Valenciennes, ca. 1420 – 1489) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------69
Meester van Maria van Bourgondië (actief in Gent, ca. 1480) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------70
Hans Memling (actief in Brugge, 1465 – 1494) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------70
Geertgen tot Sint-Jans (1465 – 1495) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72
4.2. Schilderkunst in Italië: tweede helft Quattrocento ................................................................................................ 72
Piera della Francesca (1412 – 1492) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72
Benozzo Gozzoli (1420 – 1497) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75
Sandro Boticelli (actief in Florence, ca. 1445 – 1510) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75
Filippino Lippi (1457 – 1504) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------80
Domenice Ghirlandaio (1449 – 1494) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------80
Pietro Perugino (ca. 1450 – 1525) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------81
Andrea Mantegna (ca. 1431 – 1506) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------81
Antonello da Messina (1430 – 1479) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------83
Giovanni Bellini (1430 – 1516) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------84
4.3. Beeldhouwkunst in Italië: tweede helft Quattrocento ........................................................................................... 85
Antonio del Pollajuolo (1432 – 1496) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------85
Andrea del Verrocchio (1435 – 1488) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------86
4.4. Invloed in Europa: 1450 – 1500 .............................................................................................................................. 87
FRANKRIJK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------88
Jean Fouquet (1420 – 1480) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------88
SPANJE----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------89
Juan de Flandes (ca. 1465 – 1519) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------89
DUITSLAND -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------89
Stephan Lochner (1400 – 1451) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------89

5. HOOG-RENAISSANCE ...................................................................................................................................................... 90
5.1. Introductie................................................................................................................................................................ 90
Giorgio Vasari -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------90
5.2. Leonardo da Vinci (Vinci 1452 – Amboise 1519) ................................................................................................... 90
5.3. Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio, Urbino 1483 – Rome 1520) ......................................................................................... 98
STANZA DELLA SEGNATURA, ROME, VATICAAN -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------99
STANZA D’ELIODORO, ROME, VATICAAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100
5.4. Michelangelo (Buonarotti, Caprese 1475 – Rome 1564) .................................................................................... 104
MEDICIKAPEL, FLORENCE, SAN LORENZO: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 110

6. DE RENAISSANCE IN HET NOORDEN ............................................................................................................................. 115
6.1. Opkomst van de grafiek ........................................................................................................................................ 115
Martin Schongauer (Colmar (de Elzas) 1440 – 1491) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 115
6.2. Albert Dürer (Neurenberg 1471 – 1528) .............................................................................................................. 116
6.3. Matthias Grünewald ............................................................................................................................................. 120
6.4. Opkomst van de renaissance in de Nederlanden ................................................................................................. 122
7. DE RENAISSANCE EN DAARNA… ................................................................................................................................... 125
7.1. Venetië ................................................................................................................................................................... 125
Jacopo de’ Barbari (ca. – voor 1516) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 125
Giovanni Bellini (ca. 1430 – 1516) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 125
Giorgione da Castelfranco (1477/1478 – ca. 1510) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 128
Titiaan Tiziano Vecellio (1487 – 1576) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 129
Tintoretto Jacopo Robusti (Venetië 1518 – 1594) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132
Bonifacio de’ Pitati Bonifacio Veronese (ca. 1487 – 1553) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 132
Veronese Paolo Caliari (Venetië 1528 – 1588)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 133
Lodewijk Toeput (Lodovico Pozzoserrato, ca. 1550 – ca. 1605) en Lambert Sustris (ca. 1515 – ca. 1591) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 134
7.2. Duitsland na Albrecht Dürer.................................................................................................................................. 135
Lucas Cranach de Oude (1472 – 1553) en Lucas Cranach de Jonge (1515 – 1586) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 135
LUCAS CRANACH DE OUDE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 135
LUCAS CRANACH DE JONGE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 138
Hans Baldung Grien ( – 1545) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 139
Hans Sebald Beham (1500 – 1550) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 140
Hans Holbein II (Ausburg 1497 – 1543) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 140
Marcus Gheeraerts I (ca. 1520 – ca. 1590) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 141
Marcus Gheeraerts II ( – 1636 ) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 142
Gillis van Coninxloo (1544 – 1606) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 142
7.3. Spanje ..................................................................................................................................................................... 143
Lluís Dalmau (1421 – 1461) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 143
Juan de Flandes (1496 – 1519) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 143



4

,Ize De Smet Schooljaar 2022 – 2023


Michiel Sittow (ca. 1469 – )------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 144
Pedro Berruguete (ca. 1450 – ca. 1500) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 144
Alonso Berruguete (ca. 1488 – 1561) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 145
Alejo Fernández (ca. 1475 – 1545) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 146
Peeter de Kempeneer (Pedro de Campaña, ca. 1503 – ca. 1580) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 146
SEVILLA, KATHEDRAAL--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 146
Anthonis Mor ( – 1576) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 147
Alonso Sánchez Coello (ca. 1531 – 1588) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 148
El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos, 1541 – 1614) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 148

8. HET MANIËRISME ......................................................................................................................................................... 151
8.1. Roma, Firenze…: ‘maniërisme’ .............................................................................................................................. 151
8.1.1. Navolgers van Michelangelo...................................................................................................................................................151
Andrea del Sarto (1486 – 1530) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 151
Rosso Fiorentino (Giovanni Battista di Jacopo, 1495 – 1540) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 152
Jacopo Carucci da Pontormo (1494 – 1557)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 153
Daniele da Volterra (Daniele Ricciarelli, ca. 1509 – 1566) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 153
Giorgio Vasari (1511 – 1574) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 154
8.1.2. Navolgers van Raphael ............................................................................................................................................................154
Giulio Romano (1499 – 1546) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 154
Perino del Vaga (Piero Buonaccorsi, 1501–1547) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 155
Polidoro da Caravaggio (Polidoro Caldara, ca. 1499 – 1543) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 156
Marcantonio Raimondi (ca. 1480 – ) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 156
8.1.3. Anderen ...................................................................................................................................................................................157
Antonio Allegri da Coreggio (1489 – 1534) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 157
Parmigianino (1503 – 1540) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 157
Agnolo Bronzino (1503 – 1573) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 158
Giambologna (Jean de Boulonge, 1529 – 1608) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 159
8.2. Het internationaal ‘maniërisme’ ........................................................................................................................... 160
Bartholomeus Spranger (1546-1611) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 160
Hendrick Goltzius (1558 – 1617) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 162
Hans von Aachen (1552 – 1615)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 164
Adriaen de Vries (ca. 1556 - 1626) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 165
Joris Hoefnagel (1542 – 1601) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 166
Jacob de Backer------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 167
8.3. École de Fontainebleau ......................................................................................................................................... 167
8.3.1. Eerste fase (François I) ............................................................................................................................................................167
FRANKRIJK, PALEIS FONTAINEBLEAU: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 168
Rosso Fiorentino ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 168
Francesco Primaticcio (1504 – 1570) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 168
Benvenuto Cellini (1500 - 1571) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 168
Jean Cousin ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 169
Lucca Penni ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 169
Niccolo dell’Abbate -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 169
8.3.2. Tweede fase (na koningschap Henri IV, na ca. 1594)............................................................................................................170
Ambroise Dubois (1542-1614) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 170

9. VROEGE BAROK ............................................................................................................................................................ 171
9.1. De Carracci ............................................................................................................................................................. 171
Denys Calvaert (1540 - 1619) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 171
9.1.1. Annibale Carracci (1560 - 1609) .............................................................................................................................................172
FRANCESCO BRIZIO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 174
PIETER AERTSEN (1508 – 1575) EN JOACHIM BEUCKELAER (CA. 1534 – CA. 1574)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 177
BARTOLOMEO PASSAROTTI (1529-1592) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 177
JUAN DE ESTEBAN DE ÚBEDA (ACTIEF MADRID, 1597) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 178
9.2. Roma ná de Carracci ............................................................................................................................................. 181
Adam Elsheimer (1578 – 1610) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 181
Giuseppe Cesari (Cavaliere d’Arpino, 1568 – 1640) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 183
Domenico Zampieri Domenichino (1581 – 1641) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 183
Guido Reni (1575 – 1642) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 185
Pietro da Cortona (1597 – 1669) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 187
Alessandro Turchi (1578 – 1649) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 190
Il Guercino (Giovanni Francesco Barbieri, 1591 – 1666) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 190

10. DE BAROK ................................................................................................................................................................ 192
10.1. Caravaggio ............................................................................................................................................................. 192
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571 – 1610) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 192
CONTARELLIKAPEL, SAN LUIGI DEI FRANCESI, ROME ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 197
10.2. Het internationale Caravaggisme ......................................................................................................................... 199
10.2.1. Italië....................................................................................................................................................................................199
Orazio Gentileschi (1563 – 1639) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 199
Artemisia Gentileschi (1593 – ca. 1656) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 201
Bartolomeo Manfredi (1582 – 1622) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 202
10.2.2. Frankrijk .............................................................................................................................................................................203
Valentin de Boulogne (1591 – 1632) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 203
Nicolas Tournier (1590 – 1639) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 204
10.2.3. Spanje.................................................................................................................................................................................205
Jusepe de Ribera (Lo Spagnoletto, 1591 – 1652) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 205



5

,Ize De Smet Schooljaar 2022 – 2023


Francisco de Zurbarán (1598 -1664) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 207
10.3. Spanje in de 17e eeuw ........................................................................................................................................... 208
10.3.1. Vroege ontwikkelingen......................................................................................................................................................208
Vicente Carducho (1568 – 1638) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 208
Eugenio Cajés (1574 – 1634) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 210
Francisco Pacheco (1564 – 1644) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 211
10.3.2. Velázquez en Murillo .........................................................................................................................................................212
Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez (1599 – 1660) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 212
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (1617 – 1682) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 217
10.3.3. Stillevens ............................................................................................................................................................................219
Juan Sánchez Cotán (1560 – 1627) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 219
Juan van der Hamen y León (1596 – 1631) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 220
Juan de Arellano (1614 – 1676) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 222
Juan Fernández ‘El Labrador’ (ca. 1629 – 1657) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 222
Miguel de Pret (ca. 1595 – 1644) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 223
Alejandro de Loarte (ca. – 1626) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 224
Tomás Yepes / Thomas Hiépes (ca. 1610 - 1674) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 225

11. HET CLASSICISME, DE BAROK EN DE ROCOCO ......................................................................................................... 226
11.1. Het classicisme in Frankrijk: Poussin en Claude ................................................................................................... 226
Nicolas Poussin (1594 – 1665) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 226
VÓÓR ROME (1594 – 1624) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 226
TERUG IN FRANKRIJK (1640 – 1642) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 228
NAAR ITLALIË (NA 1642) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 229
Daniel Seghers -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 230
Claude Gellée, le Lorrain (1600 of – 1682)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 230
11.2. Bernini .................................................................................................................................................................... 231
Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598 – 1680) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 231
ROME, SINT-PIETERSBASILIEK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 235
11.3. Versailles en het begin van de rococo in Frankrijk ............................................................................................... 238
VAUX-LE-VICOMTE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 238
VERSAILLES --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 238
Charles le Brun (1619 – 1690) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 238
Jean Antoine Watteau (1684 – 1721) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 239
François Boucher (1703 – 1770)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 240
Jean-Honoré Fragonard (1732-1806) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 241
11.4. De achttiende eeuw in Italië ................................................................................................................................. 242
Giambattista Tiepolo (1696–1770) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 243
Giovanni Antonio Canal, Canaletto (1697 – 1768) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 244
Anthony van Dyck (1599 – 1641) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 245
Pieter van der Faes, Peter Lely (1618 – 1680) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 245
Thomas Gainsborough (1727 – 1788)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 246
Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723 – 1702)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 246
William Hogarth (1697 – 1764) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 246
11.5. De laat achttiende eeuw in Frankrijk en Spanje ................................................................................................... 247
Jacques-Louis David (1748–1825)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 247
Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (1746 – 1828) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 248




6

,Ize De Smet Schooljaar 2022 – 2023



1. Van ‘Maniera Greca ’ tot ‘Internationale Stijl’
1.1. Pre 1300
Afbeelding Eigenschappen
Wie /
Wat Sokkelbeelden
Waar Chartres, Kathedraal Notre-Dame, West-façade,
middenportaal, rechts
Wanneer 1145-1155
Kenmerken • Statisch door vorm van zuilen (dragende functie)
• Uitgelengde figuren
• Psychologisch isolement, solitair
• Fijne, verticale drapperingsplooien eindigen
onderaan in speelse vormen, volgen het lichaam
• Figuren uit het Oude Testament
→ Je voelt de anatomie van het menselijk lichaam er nog
niet onder




Nicolas van Verdun
Afbeelding Eigenschappen
Wie Nicolas van Verdun
Naam werk De Driekoningenschrijn
Wat Reliekschrijn
Waar Keulen, Dom
Wanneer 1181
Kenmerken • Nicolas van Verdun = belangrijkste
vernieuwer van de schrijnvoortellingen
→ plooien beginnen vorm te krijgen
Detail • Profeet Naüm
• Zeer complexe drapering, neemt vorm
aan van muldenstil (= suggestie van
dynamiek door middel van plooienval
(haarspelbochten))
• Drapering accentueert de anatomische
vorm van de figuur
• Lineaire, specifieke plaatsen voor
plooien




7

,Ize De Smet Schooljaar 2022 – 2023


Afbeelding Eigenschappen
Wie Nicolas van Verdun
Naam werk Het altaar van Klosterneuburg
Wat Altaarstuk
Waar Klosterneuburg, Stiftsmuseum
Wanneer 1181
Detail • Kruisiging
• Aandacht voor anatomie: lijnen volgen
de anatomie
→ zowel 2D als 3D heeft hij menselijke
anatomie kunnen verwezenlijken




S TRAATSBURG , K ATHEDRAAL :
Afbeelding Eigenschappen
Wie /
Naam werk Dood van de maagd
Wat Tympanon1
Waar Zuid-transept, links
Wanneer 1230
Kenmerken • Intens psychologisch drama
• Neurotische uitdrukkingen
• Vermenging van het Duitse proto-
expressionisme en het Franse idealisme
• Volle ontwikkeling van muldenstil en
expressiviteit



Afbeelding Eigenschappen
Wie /
Naam werk Ecclesia en Synagoge
Wat Sokkelbeelden
Waar Zuid-transept
Wanneer 1230
Kenmerken Ecclesia (L): personificatie van kerk
Synagoge (R): personificatie van Jodendom
(het oude testament t.o.v. het nieuwe testament)
• Ecclesia = overwinnaar
→ kelk
• Synagoge = verliezer
→ gebroken kruisstaf, geblinddoekt
• Zeer opvallende, elegante verlenging van de figuren,
weerspiegelen de Franse
hofstijl
• Anatomie duidelijk te zien door dunne stof
• Rechtse beeld is in contrapposto houding
(= één been gebogen, steunend op het andere)




1 Vulling tussen de bovendorpel en de boog

8

,Ize De Smet Schooljaar 2022 – 2023


R EIMS , K ATHEDRAAL :
Afbeelding Eigenschappen
Wie /
Naam werk Annunciatie2 (L) en Visitatie (R)
Wat Sokkelbeelden
Waar Reims, Kathedraal, west-façade, centraal portaal,
rechts
Wanneer Annunciatie ca. 1245 – 1255 en Visitatie ca. 1230 –
1233
Kenmerken Annunciatie (L): het moment wanneer aardsengel
Gabriel, Maria vertelt dat ze de zoon van God zal
baren
Visitatie (R): het moment waarop Maria haar
eveneens zwangere nicht Elisabeth bezoekt
(taferelen oude testament)
• Menselijke anatomie begrijpt men nog niet, wel
pogingen (zie te lage knie)
• Geïndividualiseerde gelaatsuitdrukking: Maria
ziet er idealistisch uit, Elisabeth rouw realistisch
• Zeer fijne materie, complexe haarspeldbochtige
configuraties, geleidelijk aan onderhevig aan
zwaartekracht
→ nieuwe stap richting naturalisme


Afbeelding Eigenschappen
Wie /
Naam werk L’ange au sourire
Wat Beeld
Waar Reims, Kathedraal, west- façade, linker portaal
Wanneer Ca. 1245
Kenmerken • Voor het eerst zeer duidelijk contact tussen figuur en
toeschouwer (↔ sokkelbeelden Notre-Dame)
• Psychisch isolement is doorbroken
→ Engel verwelkomt ons glimlachend in de kathedraal




Villard de Honnecourt
Werk Eigenschappen
Wie Villard de Honnecourt
Naam werk /
Wat Schetsboek
Waar Parijs, Bibliothèque Nationale de France
Wanneer Ca. 1220 – 35
Kenmerken • Maakt verwijzingen in schetsboek
naar: Reims, klassieke oudheid…
• Muldenstil (zie rechtse tekening)




2 Het hoogfeest ter gedachtenis van de aankondiging van de geboorte van Jezus aan Maria

9

, Ize De Smet Schooljaar 2022 – 2023


Werk Eigenschappen
Wie /
Naam werk /
Wat Psalter van St. Louis
Waar Parijs, Bibliothèque Nationale de France
Wanneer 1252 – 1270
Kenmerken Psalter: boek vol psalmen verrijkt met miniatuurkunst van
het hof waaruit men leerde lezen
Rosasen: cirkelvormige ramen
Tweelingramen: dubbele venstertjes
Pinakels: torens
Windbergen: driehoekjes
• Miniaturen
• Figuren refereren naar oud testamentaire scènes
• Staan (altijd) in architecturaal kader
• Hoog-Gotische stijl
• Aangezichten, handen, haar… zijn lineair; wel al enige
suggestie van volume (zie schaduw links onder)


1.1.1. Vroege gothiek in Italië

Cimabue (actief Florence, 1272 – 1302)
Werk Eigenschappen
Wie Cimabue
Naam werk Tronende Madonna met engelen en profeten
Wat Altaarstuk
Waar Florence, Uffizi
Wanneer Ca. 1280 – 1290
Kenmerken • Cimabue werd vermeld door Dante over vergankelijke
roem
Hodegetria type: oude iconografische voorstelling volgens
de byzantijnse traditie
• Monumentaal, groot stuk
• Geometrisch contrast
• Strenge symmetrische compositie (Byzantijns)
• Heroïsche afbeelding Maria (hoe hoger de status van
de figuur, hoe groter ze worden afgebeeld)
• Gouden achtergrond (tijdloos, hemels)
• Troon heeft dieptesuggestie (ruimtelijk effect is nog
steeds ambigue)
• Niet onderhevig aan zwaartekracht
• Ruimte nog niet gedefinieerd
• Gallo-Byzantijnse traditie (= Maniera Greca)


Belangrijkste vóór 1300: het menselijk lichaam suggereren onder draperingen met een zeker 3D effect om figuren
duidelijk te maken in de ruimte die onduidelijk en ongedefinieerd is




10

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