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Successes and Failures of Personal Rule, 1629-49:Charles dissolved parliament in March of 1629 and started his personal rule, the aims behind
personal rule were to rule without calling parliament, to establish his financial
independence, make peace in Europe and to enforce uniformity and order, particularly
within the church.
Successes: Failures:
Made peace with France (1629) and Ship Money wasn’t always taken great
Spain (1630). This meant that Charles by the country, for example the John
I didn’t have to spend as much money Hampden case. And in 1638 the
on an army. And enabled a more collection of ship money began to fall,
stable financial position. one factor of this was some people
Ship Money was levied as national tax sympathised with Scotland didn’t
(1635) raising around £200,000 wasn’t to fund Charles’ attack against
annually. Charles also introduced old them.
feudal taxes to raise money, such as Outbreak of the Scottish Rebellion
monopolies and Forest Laws. (1638), this was due to the Laudian
His annual income was raised by Prayer book being imposed on
about £300,000 from £600,000 to Scotland as this was Armenian and the
£900,00 which showed he had some Scottish people were Presbyterian.
financial stability during his personal The Scottish men were even invited to
rule. sign the National Convent in defiance
Ruled without a need to recall of Charles’ attempts to reform their
parliament for 11 years. church.
Through William Laud, who became The First Bishops War (1639) which
Archbishop of Canterbury (1633), he started due to the Scottish rebellion
was imposed Armenianism, they key was a big threat from Charles as he
feature if Laudienism focused on the had insufficient reforms to call an
‘beauty of holiness’. army to help him fight.
The use of prerogative courts such as Due to these insufficient funds Charles
the star chamber meant he was able had to recall parliament (1640) to get
to punish people without the need of funding, this was at the advice of
calling parliament. Wentworth.
Charles Actions and the Problems face between 1625-1640:
Charles caused the problems: Other factors to the problems:
Problems with parliament, he Money issues, as his father left him
dissolved four parliaments during in debt and that also meant the
this time. (1625, 1626, 1629, 1640) parliament didn’t trust him and
They disagreed over religion, royal refused to grant him tonnage and
prerogatives, and finance majorly. poundage (1625). Charles ended up
Charles cared more about his having to use forced loans (1626)
advisors than political stability, most The Petition of right (1628) and the
, of the HofC hated Buckingham they three resolutions (1629) caused
even tried to have him impeached, more tension between Charles and
Charles’ reaction to this was to parliament.
dissolve parliament (1626). Buckingham’s assassination (1628)
Foreign Policy failures, Expedition to although meant no more
Cadiz (1625 failed and the embarrassing foreign policy failures
expedition to La Rochelle (1627) would have angered and upset
also failed. Charles considerably.
Charles absolutism was brought into The Root and Branch Petition (1640)
question, especially surround the and Pym and his radical supporters
force loans and the five nights case in which Pym became the
(1627), when they applied for undisputed leader of Charles's
habeus corpus. parliamentary opposition.
Imposing Armenianism throughout
Britain and appointing Armenians to
high positions, (Laud Bishop of
London in 1629) as well as allowing
Buckingham to declare his Armenian
favour at the York House Conference
(126).
Declaring Personal Rule and not
recalling parliament for 11 years and
all issues through Personal rule.
Failure to negotiate a settlement between King and his opponents between
1640-49:
In 1640 Charles had to end his personal rule and recall a parliament in order to attempt to
raise funds for an army to fight in Scotland. Parliament and the King were already on rocky
ground. By 1642 Charles I had declared war on Parliament and though doing so started the
first civil war.
Due to parliament: Other factors:
They passed many acts/ bills in Charles attempted to arrest 5 MP’s
parliament which angered Charles in the house of commons, this
as he thought they went against his painted Charles in a bad light and
prerogatives. For example, the caused growing opposition to him in
Militia Bill (1641), the Bill of parliament.
Attainder (1641), the Grand Charles declared war on Parliament
Remonstrance (1641) in 1642.
The Nineteen Propositions (1642), Charles was not willing to negotiate
suggested to Charles how seriously after his loss of the first
parliament was not willing to civil war (1646), he was convinced
compromise with the King and any that divisions between his
chance of compromise had broken opponents would break down their
down. alliances.
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