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Samenvatting van geschiedenis van de psychologie (Cijfer : 8.0)
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Dit is een samenvatting van het vak geschiedenis van de psychologie Met deze samenvatting heb ik eenvoudig een 8 behaald.
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PSYCHOLOGIESamenvatting van de literatuur van ‘’Prof. dr. Frank van der Velde
Michelle van Zwieten
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1 mechanismes.....................................................................................................................4
Deel 1 introductie...............................................................................................................................4
Deel 2 wanneer startte de psychologie?.............................................................................................4
De eerste psycholoog.....................................................................................................................4
Het eerste boek van psychologie....................................................................................................4
Deel 3 de opkomst van mechaniek rond 1600...................................................................................5
Begrijpen waarom het universum is zoals het is.............................................................................5
Begrijpen hoe het universum opereert...........................................................................................5
Deel 4 mechaniek in de wetenschap..................................................................................................6
Materialisme...................................................................................................................................6
Analyse en kwantificatie.................................................................................................................7
Reductionisme (=reductionism)......................................................................................................7
Deel 5 mechaniek in de maatschappij................................................................................................8
Deel 6 de zoektocht naar zekere kennis.............................................................................................9
Deel 7 drie hoofdthema’s in de psychologie.......................................................................................9
Nature versus nurture....................................................................................................................9
The mind-body problem (ziel/gedachten-lichaam probleem)........................................................9
Cognition versus emotion.............................................................................................................10
Hoofdstuk 2 Descartes en Hobbes........................................................................................................10
Deel 1 introductie van Descartes......................................................................................................10
Deel 2 rationalisme: verwerven van onbetwistbare kennis..............................................................11
Kennis om te gebruiken................................................................................................................11
De basis voor onbetwistbare kennis.............................................................................................11
Debat met scepticisme.................................................................................................................11
Debat met empirisme...................................................................................................................12
Deel 3 Mechanisme: het natuurlijke van het universum..................................................................12
Deel 4 dualisme: de bijzondere aard van de menselijke ziel.............................................................12
Deel 5 de invloed van Descartes op de psychologie.........................................................................13
Deel 6 introductie van Hobbes.........................................................................................................14
Deel 7 de mechanistische invloed op Hobbes..................................................................................14
Vrijheid volgens Hobbes...............................................................................................................14
Deel 8 van natuurlijke staat naar sociale contract............................................................................15
Deel 9 invloed van Hobbes op de psychologie..................................................................................15
Filosofiebox 2.1: wat is filosofie?......................................................................................................15
1
, Filosofiebox 2.2 epistemologie.........................................................................................................16
Filosofiebox 2.3 metafysica..............................................................................................................16
Hoofdstuk 3 de empiristen, 17e en 18e eeuw......................................................................................16
Deel 1 introductie.............................................................................................................................16
Deel 2 John Locke (1632-1704).........................................................................................................16
Sensaties, reflecties en simpele ideeën........................................................................................17
Complexe ideeën..........................................................................................................................17
Voorbeeld: een sinaasappel..........................................................................................................18
Primaire en secundaire kwaliteiten..............................................................................................18
De relatie tussen de wereld en ervaring.......................................................................................18
Deel 3 George Berkeley (1685-1753)................................................................................................19
de basis van perceptie volgens Berkeley......................................................................................19
Deel 4 David Hume (1711-1776).......................................................................................................19
Causaliteit volgens Hume.............................................................................................................20
De wereld volgens Hume..............................................................................................................20
Deel 5 associatiepsychologie in de 17e en 18e eeuw.........................................................................20
mechanisatie van de geest...........................................................................................................21
the primary laws of association = de primaire wetten van associatie...........................................21
Deel 6 uitwerking van associatiepsychologie................................................................................21
the secondary laws of association = de secundaire wetten van associatie...................................21
associatiepsychologie en liberalisme............................................................................................22
deel 7 de verlichting.........................................................................................................................23
Verlichting versus de romantiek...................................................................................................23
Deel 8 het belang van associatiepsychologie...................................................................................23
Filosofiebox 3.1 metafysica en het mind-body-probleem................................................................24
Hoofdstuk 4: psychologie als een wetenschap.....................................................................................25
Deel 1 introductie: twee hoofdpunten in de geschiedenis van de psychologie................................25
deel 2 passieve geest vs. actieve geest.............................................................................................25
Deel 3 Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)..................................................................................................25
Kant’s idee van de passieve en actieve geest...............................................................................25
Binoculaire diepteperceptie.........................................................................................................26
Tijdperceptie.................................................................................................................................26
categorieën als vormen van gedachte..........................................................................................28
Kant vs. Locke en Kant vs. Descartes............................................................................................28
Kant over metafysica en wetenschap...........................................................................................29
Kant over psychologie...................................................................................................................29
2
, Deel 4 Phrenology (=phrenologie = de leer van de geest)................................................................30
Lokalisatie van psychologische functies............................................................................................30
Broca en de lokalisering van spraak..............................................................................................31
Penfield homonculus and memory localisation............................................................................31
Deel 6 ontwikkeling van neurofysiologie..........................................................................................32
Het principe van de specifieke energie van de zenuwen..............................................................32
Deel 7 Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894) = student Müller........................................................32
Hoofdstuk 5 de wetenschap van gedrag...............................................................................................32
Deel 1 introductie: evolutie en gedrag.............................................................................................32
Deel 2 Darwin en evolutie................................................................................................................33
Deel 3 James en functionalisme.......................................................................................................33
Deel 4 van reflex naar het brein.......................................................................................................35
Ivan Pavlov en de geconditioneerde reflex...................................................................................35
Deel 5 Behaviorisme.........................................................................................................................35
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