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Critical Thinking: Reason and Evidence D265graded A+ 100% verified
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Critical Thinking: Reason and EvidenceD265
Which sentence is a non-proposition?
- If the burglar did not go out the front door, they must have gone out a window.
- The earth is the third planet from the sun.
- Where are the keys to my car?
- Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world. - ANSWhere are the keys to my car?
Did the company really close that deal? It has had a great year. Where is the president right
now? Let's go ask whether the deal was closed.
In the above paragraph, which sentence expresses a proposition?
- Where is the president right now?
- Did the company really close that deal?
- Let's go ask whether the deal was closed.
- It has had a great year. - ANSIt has had a great year.
Propositions - ANSStatements that can be true or false.
Non-propositions - ANSSentences that are not statements about matters of fact (or fiction).
They do not make a claim that can be true or false.
Which sentence expresses a complex proposition?
- Birthday parties can be really fun.
- The cat ate the food, but did not like it.
- Too many employees are used to high-stress work environments in the United States.
- Why did the monkey escape, and who is responsible? - ANSThe cat ate the food, but did not
like it.
If the computer is not fixed, then the company either needs to buy a new one or will not be able
to keep up productivity.
Which of the following breaks down the complex proposition above into the simple propositions?
- If the computer is not fixed, then the company needs to buy a new one. The company will not
be able to keep up productivity.
- The computer is not fixed. The company needs to buy a new computer. The company will not
be able to keep up productivity.
,- The computer is not fixed. Th - ANSThe computer is not fixed. The company needs to buy a
new computer. The company will not be able to keep up productivity.
Simple propositions - ANSSimple propositions have no internal logical structure, meaning
whether they are true or false does not depend on whether part of them is true or false. They
are simply true or false on their own.
Complex propositions - ANSComplex propositions have internal logical structure, meaning they
are composed of simple propositions. Whether they are true or false depends on whether their
parts are true or false.
If the new employee wants to succeed, then they need to show up on time. How many times
have we heard the manager complain about tardiness? Nobody likes a 7 a.m. start time, but it
was in the job description. We should remind the new employee how important this is.
Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in the above paragraph?
- The new employee wants to succeed.
- How many times have we heard the manager complain about tardiness?
- The employees look out for each other.
- If the new e - ANSThe new employee wants to succeed.
The U.S. healthcare system is difficult to navigate, and this negatively affects many of us. Many
people are unsure exactly how their health insurance coverage works and are not sure where
they can go to get care. What can be done to improve this? If changes are not made soon, the
problem will only get worse.
Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in the above paragraph?
- Many people are not sure where they can go to get care.
- The U.S. healthcare system is difficult to navigate, and - ANSMany people are not sure where
they can go to get care.
Bad inferential structure - ANSEvery argument with the same structure as this argument is bad
(invalid or weak). The premises do not, in fact, demonstrate or maybe even support the
conclusion. In other words, we can accept the premises as true without being compelled to
accept the conclusion. There is something wrong with this argument's general structure.
False premise - ANSThis particular argument has a premise/assumption that is false. There is
something wrong with this argument's particular content.
Conclusion Indicators - ANSTherefore, so, it follows that, hence, thus, entails that, we may
conclude that, implies that, wherefore, as a result
Premise Indicators - ANSBecause, for, given that, in that, as, since, as indicated by
, "Since we cannot go out until the restaurant opens, and given that we are trying to save money,
we should just hang out here until closer to dinner."
Which statements are the premises of the following argument? Choose 2 answers.
- We cannot go out until the restaurant opens.
- We are trying to save money.
- We should just hang out here until closer to dinner.
- We can have a good time without spending money. - ANS- We cannot go out until the
restaurant opens.
- We are trying to save money.
Most students in the class scored less than 70% on the exam. This means that the exam was
too difficult to accurately assess student learning. Therefore, as exams are supposed to
accurately assess student learning, the exam must be revised and readministered.
Which statement is the conclusion of the above argument?
- The exam must be revised and readministered.
- Some students in the class scored higher than 70% on the exam.
- Exams are supposed to accurately assess student learning.
- Most st - ANSThe exam must be revised and readministered.
Which sentences are arguments? Choose 2 answers.
- We know the student cheated on the exam because the instructor caught the student stealing
glances at their neighbor's test.
- The student only cheated on the exam because their financial aid depended on it.
- No one has ever been to the moon, so we do not know that it is not made of cheese.
- If you suspect you have been infected with rabies, then you should contact a medical
professional immediately. - ANS- We know the student cheated on the exam because the
instructor caught the student stealing glances at their neighbor's test.
- No one has ever been to the moon, so we do not know that it is not made of cheese.
Which pairs of sentences are arguments? Choose 2 answers.
- Every time I walk by here, Chris is doing nothing. Chris must not do anything with the available
time.
- We need to act now to reverse greenhouse gas emissions. If we do not, the earth will soon
become inhospitable to human life.
- John Lennon was shot and killed. So were Bobby Kennedy and his brother John.
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