Lecture notes for the Behaviour of Biomolecules module (Year 1 of Biomedical Sciences undergraduate degree at University of Southampton)
Professor Tew and Professor Declan Doyle and Dr. Ramon Rios
Professor twes, declan doyle, dr. ramon rios
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Subjects
behaviour of biomolecules
spectroscopy
nmr
ligand binding
fluorescence
thermodynamics
lecture notes
nucleophilic substitution at saturated carbon
chemistry of the caroboxyl group
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Lectures 3 and 4 DD.
Recap.
Stereochemistry.
- Stedman’s three-point fit model (1933) to explain the differential pharmacological
activity of drug enantiomers.
- Describes 3 simultaneous non-covalent bonding interactions and two simultaneous
non-covalent bonding interactions. Alternative interactions can take place but only
with two sites at a time.
- The 2 enantiomers of DCPG have different activities on different receptors. In this
case, in a model system, the combination of the 2 enantiomers had better anti-
epileptic activity as compared to each enantiomer.
- Plasma concentration of S-ibuprofen is lower in patients with liver cirrhosis probably
due to stereospecific clearance in 1st pass metabolism.
Conformational changes upon drug binding.
→ law of mass action assumes there are no conformational changes in the protein upon
ligand binding.
→ many target proteins undergo conformation changes upon drug binding.
→ ATP is bound to the kinase domain of the EGF receptor.
→ kinases transmit signals by attaching phosphate groups to specific sequences on their
target proteins. Hence, kinases have 2 binding events (binding of ATP; binding of target
protein to be phosphorylated).
Induced fit = the interaction of a drug can lock a protein into a conformational state that may
not normally be populated, i.e., rare but does exist.
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