A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY WITH CORRECTLY ANSWERED QUESTIONS (UPDATED 2023/2024).

A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY WITH CORRECTLY ANSWERED QUESTIONS (UPDATED 2023/2024). classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER-learning through association operant conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER-learning through consequences behaviourist approach - CORRECT ANSWER-explains behaviour in terms of observation and learning reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER-consequence of behaviour that increases likelihood of that behaviour being repeated (can be positive or negative) social learning theory - CORRECT ANSWER-explains behaviour with direct and indirect reinforcement imitation - CORRECT ANSWER-copying the behaviour of others vicarious reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER-through observing someone else being reinforced for a behaviour mediational processes - CORRECT ANSWER-cognitive factors (thinking) that influence learning - come between stimulus and response cognitive approach - CORRECT ANSWER-how our mental processes (thoughts, perceptions, attention) affect behaviour biological approach - CORRECT ANSWER-perspective that emphasises importance of physical processes such as genetic inheritance and neural function genes - CORRECT ANSWER-sections of DNA that code for specific characteristics phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER-characteristics of individual determined by genes and environment neuron - CORRECT ANSWER-nerve cells that process and transmit messages through chemical and electrical signals sensory neurons - CORRECT ANSWER-carry messages from PNS to CNS - long dendrites and short axons relay neurons - CORRECT ANSWER-connect sensory neurons to motor or other relay neurons - short dendrites and short axons motor neurons - CORRECT ANSWER-connect CNS to effectors (muscles, glands) - short dendrites and long axons synaptic transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-when neighbouring neurons communicate with each other by sending chemical messages across the synapse (gap that separates them) neurotransmitter - CORRECT ANSWER-chemicals released by synaptic vesicles that carry signals across the synapse excitation - CORRECT ANSWER-when a neurotransmitter increases positive charge of the postsynaptic neuron - increases chance that neuron will fire and pass on electrical impulse inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER-neurotransmitter (ie serotonin) increases negative charge of postsynaptic neuron - decreases chance of neuron firing and passing on electrical impulse Statistical infrequency - CORRECT ANSWER-when an individual has a less common characteristic Deviation from social norms - CORRECT ANSWER-Concerns behaviour that is different from the accepted standards of behaviour in a community or society Failure to function adequately - CORRECT ANSWER-when