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Multiple Sclerosis Questions With Complete Solutions.
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Multiple Sclerosis Questions WithComplete Solutions
MS definition correct answer: Chronic, disabling disease that
attacks the central nervous system
MS mechanism correct answer: Autoimmune
MS lifespan correct answer: Normal
Cost of MS per person over lifetime correct answer: 2 million
3 Pathalogical findings of MS correct answer: CNS
inflammation and demyelination,
Axon damage (mainly myelin),
Gray and white matter damage
What else is lost in MS (other than myelin) correct answer: -
Axonal damage.
-connections between axons,
-Gray matter with myelin
Plaques in MS mechanical properties correct answer: Harder
and stiffer than non affected tissues
What happens to form plaques in MS? correct answer: Scarring
of tissue
Perivascular cuffing definition correct answer: Inflammation
around axons that leads to demyelination
,Onset of age MS correct answer: 15-45 years
Gender MS correct answer: 70% women
Race incidence MS correct answer: Much more in Caucasians.
Occurs in areas far from the equator where Scandinavians settle
What causes MS? What are 3 possibilities? correct answer: Not
totally understood. Genetics, environment, autoimmune are the 3
factors.
Risk of MS if you have a twin correct answer: Increase
drastically
Genetic risk factors MS (name the gene, and give other factors)
correct answer: HLA DR gene,
Being a twin (30%),
15% of patients have a family history of MS
What factor is most affected by genes in MS? correct answer:
Autoimmune
4 Environmental risk factors MS correct answer: Epstein Barr
virus,
Smoking,
Vitamin D deficiency,
Obesity
What happens to risk of MS 10 years after smoking? correct
answer: Decreases
, Describe the study done in the military with serum vitamin D
levels and MS incidence correct answer: 4 million people. The
people with low levels of vitamin D were much more at risk for
developing MS
What imaging technique is best for viewing MS? correct
answer: MRI
What is the big downfall of MRI for diagnosing MS? correct
answer: It can look like there is pathology when there is not
T1 MRI findings MS correct answer: Periventricular lesions
that extend perpindicular from inferior sagittal sinus
T2 MRI findings MS correct answer: Corpus callosum thinning,
Black holes,
Sub cortical lesions,
Contrast enhancing lesions
Which MRI technique gives information about how recent the
damage is? How? correct answer: Contrast MRI. Serum is
injected. If it gets into the brain it means the BBB has been
broken It must be less than 3 weeks old because the BBB heals
in 3 weeks
Describe Relapse-remitting MS correct answer: There is always
an isolated episode initially. they can recover, but not 100%.
They fail to fully recover after each relapse.
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