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Exercises on Quantitative Policy Methods KU Leuven
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Exercises on Quantitative Policy Methods KU Leuven
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Hoofdstuk 2: variabelen apartIn data staan -> dataset aanklikken
Opgave 7
A. Indicate the data type for each of the six variables included in this data set.
Numeriek, discreet: gender, prior experience, beta exp, age
(bij veel discreet zeggen we toch continu)
Numeriek, continu: Annual salary
B. What proportion of these full-time Beta employees are female?
OF via draaitabel
Employee: kolommen (-> links klikken: waardeveldinstellingen: aantal -> waarden weergeven als %
van kolomtotaal -> OK). Gender: rijen (-> waardeveldinstellingen: subtotalen: aangepast: aantal)
C. Find appropriate summary measures for each of the numerical variables in this data set
StatTools -> Summary Statistics -> One-Variable summary (aanklikken wat je wil)
D. For the Salary variable, explain why the empirical rules for standard deviations do or do not
apply.
68% tussen gemiddelde en +/- 1 st dev (=s)
95% tussen gemiddelde en +/- 2 st dev
99.7% tussen gemiddelde en +/- 3 st dev
1
,Opgave 9
A. Create a histogram of the costumer service times. How would you characterize the
distribution of service times?
Stattools -> data set manager -> summary graph -> histogram
Verdeling is rechtsscheef, want staart ligt rechts (gemiddelde ligt rechts van mediaan)
Bij een erg rechtsscheve verdeling is het verschil tussen mediaan en gemiddelde groter
B. Calculate the mean, median, and first and third quartiles of this distribution.
StatTools -> Summary Statistics -> One-Variable summary (aanklikken wat je wil)
C. Which measure of central tendency, the mean or the median, is more appropriate in
describing this distribution?
Bij een heel erg rechtsscheve verdeling is het beter om de mediaan te bekijken. Omdat het
gemiddelde heel erg naar rechts getrokken kan worden door een paar mensen die veel
verdienen. Om een beter zicht te hebben of wat de gemiddelde mens verdient gebruik je
beter de mediaan. Hier valt het verschil wel mee (maar een beetje rechtsscheef).
2
, D. Find and interpret the variance and standard deviation of these service times.
St dev s -> waar je waarde mag verwachten: vuistregels
Variantie s² -> kan je hier niet interpreteren (seconden in het kwadraat)
E. Are the empirical rules for standard deviations applicable for these service times? If not,
explain why. Can you tell whether they apply, or at least make an educated guess, by looking
at the shape of the histogram? Why?
68% tussen gemiddelde en +/- 1 st dev
95% tussen gemiddelde en +/- 2 st dev
99.7% tussen gemiddelde en +/- 3 st dev (geldt enkel bij niet té scheve verdelingen)
Opgave 10
A. Create a histogram for each of the two sets of exam scores.
Data Set Manager -> Summary graphs -> histogram
B. What are the mean and median scores on each of these exams?
3
, C. Give each student a grade based on their final score
Opgave 11
A. Which of these variables are continuous? Which are discrete?
Aantal badkamers, slaapkamers, identificatie huizen: discreet
Oppervlakte, prijzen: continu
B. Create a histogram for the appraised values and selling prices of the houses. How are these
two distributions similar? How are they different?
Ze zijn ongeveer symmetrisch.
4
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