These notes provide and in-depth analysis of the topic and ensure easy understanding. There are definitions, diagrams and pictures to ensure you achieve your best marks possible.
This is coming from and A student and the Top Achiever for grade 12 History. Therefore, this is a highly reliable st...
Terminology:
- Sphere of influence…
= Country or area in which another country has power to affect developments
although it has no formal authority.
- Proxy War…
= Provision of support by US and USSR to opposing sides in a country but not
directly involved in the conflict. (Angola = example of proxy war)
- FNLA…
= National Front for Liberation
- MPLA…
= People’s Liberation Movement of Angola.
- FAPLA…
= People’s armed forces of Liberation of Angola.
- UNITA…
= National Union for the Total Independence of Angola.
- SWAPO…
= South West African people’s Organization.
- SADF…
= South African Defense Force.
How Africa was drawn into the Cold War:
- After WW2, strained relationships between the USSR and US provided the
ideological underpinnings of the Cold War.
- Both nations found it critical to expand their sphere of influence.
- Promoted leadership in the “Third World” that would be sympathetic to their
causes.
- Gained friendly governments to be used as allies to fight or provide bases for the
placement of nuclear warheads.
- The African continent (mainly southern and central parts) were fertile grounds for
these interventions.
- Colonial powers like England, Germany, Portugal and Belgium had started
declining in power due to costs of ww2.
, - Many colonies pursued struggles for independence, the US, USSR and China
attempted to fill the power vacuums with money and arms.
- In the 1960s the US, Uk and USSR started to pull out their country.
Spheres Of Influence:
- US and USSR.
- The US wanted to limit the spread of communism in Africa and therefore
supported factions that were anti-communist.
= The US was run by Nixon, Ford, Reagan, JFK and Johnson.
= In Ethiopia, the USA supplied weapons and support to Haile Selassie to boost
his rule against a communist revolutionary movement.
= In Angola, the USA sided with a capitalist-leaning nationalist group, sending
weapons and military support via South Africa.
= The apartheid government feared that if their neighboring countries become
socialist or communist, they would allow the African National Congress (ANC)
and the South West African People’s Organisation (SWAPO) to make military
bases in these countries therefore allowing ANC and SWAPO to launch attacks
on South African apartheid forces.
= Apartheid government wanted to maintain a good relationship with the USA
and the UK. (powerful allies) (Cold War proved convenient justification for them
to support apartheid South Africa.)
= Africa has important minerals like industrial diamonds, uranium, magnesium
cobalt and Chromium.
- The USSR attempted to set itself up as a supporter of the Independence
movement against the European colonial masters, thus supplying aid to most
socialist of the Independence movements.
= Angola, the USSR supplied support to the Socialist movement and flooded the
region with AK-47 rifles and landmines.
= It used its “satellites” Cuba and East Germany to provide military technicians.
= Cuba had cultural ties with Angola because of the past trans-atlantic slave
trade (millions of Angolans were brought to work on Cuba plantations), so Cuba
was eager to help angola's left-wing faction establish a state that was free of
capitalist oppression.
= China, which is competing with the USSR for influence over the African
socialist movement, became involved in some conflicts.
= China sent weapons via Tranzania to anti-imperialist movements.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller jordanhopewright. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.33. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
