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WGU - C458 - Health, Wellness and Fitness Exam|132 Questions and Answers
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WGU - C458 - Health, Wellness andFitness Exam|132 Questions and
Answers
Amphetamines - -Uppers, stimulants. Legitimate and useful medical
applications, but often abused. Example Ritalin for ADHD. Adderall for
obesity, ADHD and narcolepsy.
-Ecstasy - -MDMA. Club drug often used at all night dance parties (raves).
Stimulant that increases heart rate and blood pressure and can lead to heart
or kidney failure; regular use produces long-lasting, perhaps permanent,
damage to your brains ability to think and store memories.
-Hallucinogens - -Substances that occur naturally or produce synthetically
that distort user's perception of reality; cause sensory illusions that make it
difficult to distinguish fact from fantasy. Example: LSD, peyote, PCP.
-Barbiturates - -Historically represented one of nations biggest drug abuse
problems. Generally known as downers, often taken as a way of escaping
problems of daily living. Effects range from person feeling drowsy,
uninhibited, and intoxicated to intoxication and staggering as if drunk,
slurred speech, confused.
-Nicotine - -Found in tobacco. Potent parasympathetic alkaloid, stimulant
drug, addictive. Associated with cardiovascular disease, potential birth
defects, and poisoning. Associated with cancer.
-Suppositories - -Drug delivery system inserted into rectum, vagina, or
urethra where it dissolves or melts and is absorbed into the bloodstream.
-Diuretics - -Promotes production of urine. Used for high blood pressure.
Often used by bulimics for weight loss.
-Intravenous injection - -A route of drug administration directly into the
bloodstream through a vein. Yield sstrongest and most rapid effact but is
most dangerous due to risk of infection, vein collapse, or overdose.
-Intramuscular injection - -A route of drug administration; injected into the
muscle.
-Drug abuse - -Generally refers to chronic, excessive use of a drug. May
also refer to a person's intent.
-Drug inhibition (receptor site) - -
, -THC - -Active ingredient in marijuana. Connects to nerve cell sites and
brain called cannabinoid receptors and influences the activity of those cells.
Influences pleasure, memory, thought, concentration, sensory and time
perception, and coordinated movement. Increases risk of heart attack.
Increases risk of cancer. Can lead to depression anxiety and personality
disturbances. Causes birth defects. Can be used for medical purposes:
glaucoma, Chemotherapy cause to nausea and vomiting, appetite stimulant,
antiasthmatic, seizures, muscle relaxant action.
-Receptor sites (of a drug) - -Target cells for drugs.
-OTC drugs - -Over-the-counter drugs; such as, cough medicine, pain
medication, allergy medication that don't require prescriptions.
-Tolerance - -Some drugs are used frequently, large doses are required to
maintain the same effect
-Anabolic steroids - -Synthetic variant of the male sex hormone
testosterone
-Opioids - -Substances that act on the nervous system, medications that are
artificially made, reduce the intensity of pain signals reaching the brain and
affect those brain areas controlling emotion which diminishes the effects of a
painful stimulus; Morphine, tramadol, oxycodone, methadone
-Endorphins - -Endogenous opioid neuropeptides. Produced by central
nervous system and pituitary gland. Released during exercise, interact with
the receptors in your brain to reduce perception of pain, trigger positive
body feeling, similar to morphine
-GRASE list (FDA) - -Generally recognized as safe by the FDA for use in food
and drugs
-Epinephrine - -Sometimes called adrenaline; secreted by the adrenal
medulla; stimulation of the meulla by the sympathetic division of the
autonomic nervous system causes release of hormones, especially
epinephrine, into the blood to initiate short-term fight or flight response to
stress
-Synergism - -Combined action of drugs is greater than the sum of the
effects of anyone drug taking a loan. For example, some drugs potentiate or
increase the effects of another drug.
-Prostaglandin inhibitors - -NSAIDs. Medications that act on prostaglandins,
compounds that regulate muscle contractions.
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