Test Bank
Interpersonal Relationships: Professional Communication Skills for Nurses,
9th Edition Elizabeth C. Arnold,
Chapter 1 - 26 | All Chapters
,
,Chapter 1: Theory Based Perspectives and Contemporary Dynamics
Arnold: Interpersonal Relationships, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When describing nursing to a group of nursing students, the nursing instructor lists all of the
following characteristics of nursing except
a. historically nursing is as old as mankind.
b. nursing was originally practiced informally by religious orders dedicated to care of
the sick.
c. nursing was later practiced in the home by female caregivers with no formal
education.
d. nursing has always been identifiable as a distinct occupation.
ANS: A
Historically, nursing is as old as mankind. Originally practiced informally by religious orders
dedicated to care of the sick and later in the home by female caregivers with no formal
education, nursing was not identifiable as a distinct occupation until the 1854 Crimean war.
There, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing introduced the world to the functional roles of
professional nursing and the need for formal education.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 1
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
2. The nursing profession’s first nurse researcher, who served as an early advocate for high-quality
care and used statistical data to document the need for handwashing in preventing infection, was
a. Abraham Maslow.
b. Martha Rogers.
c. Hildegard Peplau.
d. Florence Nightingale.
ANS: D
An early advocate for high-quality care, Florence Nightingale’s use of statistical data to
document the need for handwashing in preventing infection marks her as the profession’s first
nurse researcher.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 1
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
3. Today, professional nursing education begins at the
a. undergraduate level.
b. graduate level.
, c. advanced practice level.
d. administrative level.
ANS: A
Today, professional nursing education begins at the undergraduate level, with a growing number
of nurses choosing graduate studies to support differentiated practice roles and/or research
opportunities. Nurses are prepared to function as advanced practice nurse practitioners,
administrators, and educators.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 2
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
4. Nursing’s metaparadigm, or worldview, distinguishes the nursing profession from other
disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics. The four key concepts that form
the foundation for all nursing theories are
a. caring, compassion, health promotion, and education.
b. respect, integrity, honesty, and advocacy.
c. person, environment, health, and nursing.
d. nursing, teaching, caring, and health promotion.
ANS: C
Individual nursing theories represent different interpretations of the phenomenon of nursing, but
central constructs—person, environment, health, and nursing—are found in all theories and
models. They are referred to as nursing’s metaparadigm.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 2
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
5. When admitting a client to the medical-surgical unit, the nurse asks the client about cultural
issues. The nurse is demonstrating use of the concept of
a. person.
b. environment.
c. health.
d. nursing.
ANS: B
The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and social determinants that
influence a client’s health perceptions and behavior. A person is defined as the recipient of
nursing care, having unique bio-psycho-social and spiritual dimensions. The word health derives
from the word whole. Health is a multidimensional concept, having physical, psychological,
sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual characteristics. The World Health Organization
(WHO, 1946) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental, social well-being, not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention
of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people.
,DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 3
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Assessment
, MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
6. A young mother tells the nurse, “I’m worried because my son needs a blood transfusion. I don’t
know what to do, because blood transfusions cause AIDS.” Which central nursing construct is
represented in this situation?
a. Environment
b. Caring
c. Health
d. Person
ANS: D
The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and social determinants that
influence a client’s health perceptions and behavior. Caring is not one of the four central nursing
constructs. The word health derives from the word whole. Health is a multidimensional concept,
having physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual characteristics. The
World Health Organization (WHO, 1946) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental,
social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Nursing includes the
promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people. Person
is defined as the recipient of nursing care, having unique bio-psycho-social and spiritual
dimensions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 2
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
7. The nurse performs a dressing change using sterile technique. This is an example of which
pattern of knowledge?
a. Empirical
b. Personal
c. Aesthetic
d. Ethical
ANS: A
Empirical knowledge is the scientific rationale for skilled nursing interventions. Personal ways
of knowing allow the nurse to understand and treat each individual as a unique person. Aesthetic
ways of knowing allow the nurse to connect in different and more meaningful ways. Ethical
ways of knowing refer to the moral aspects of nursing.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 5
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
8. The nurse-client relationship as described by Hildegard Peplau
a. would not be useful in a short-stay unit.
b. allows personal and social growth to occur only for the client.
c. facilitates the identification and accomplishment of therapeutic goals.
d. focuses on maintaining a personal relationship between the nurse and client.
ANS: C
, Hildegard Peplau offers the best-known nursing model for the study of interpersonal
relationships in health care. Her model describes how the nurse-client relationship can facilitate
the identification and accomplishment of therapeutic goals to enhance client and family well-
being. In contemporary practice, Peplau’s framework is more applicable today in longer term
relationships, and in settings such as rehabilitation centers, long-term care, and nursing homes.
Despite the brevity of the alliances in acute care settings, basic principles of being a participant
observer in the relationship, building rapport, developing a working partnership, and terminating
a relationship remain relevant.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 10
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
9. The identification phase of the nurse-client relationship
a. sets the stage for the rest of the relationship.
b. correlates with the assessment phase of the nursing process.
c. focuses on therapeutic goals to enhance client and family well-being.
d. uses community resources to help resolve health care issues.
ANS: C
Hildegard Peplau offers the best-known nursing model for the study of interpersonal
relationships in health care. Her model describes how the nurse-client relationship can facilitate
the identification and accomplishment of therapeutic goals to enhance client and family well-
being.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 10
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
10. Abraham Maslow's needs theory is a framework that
a. begins with meeting basic psychosocial needs first.
b. ensures essential needs are satisfied, then people move into higher physiological
areas of development.
c. proposes that people are motivated to meet their needs in a descending order.
d. nurses use to prioritize client needs and develop relevant nursing approaches.
ANS: D
Abraham Maslow's needs theory is a framework that nurses use to prioritize client needs and
develop relevant nursing approaches. Maslow's model proposes that people are motivated to
meet their needs in an ascending order beginning with meeting basic survival needs. As essential
needs are satisfied, people move into higher psychosocial areas of development.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 10
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
11. Which of the following statements about communication theory is true?
a. Primates are able to learn new languages to share ideas and feelings.
,b. Concepts include only verbal communication.
, c. Perceptions are clarified through feedback.
d. Past experience does not influence communication.
ANS: C
Feedback is the only way to know that one’s perceptions about meanings are valid. Human
communication is unique. Only human beings have large vocabularies and are capable of
learning new languages as a means of sharing their ideas and feelings. Communication includes
language, gestures, and symbols to convey intended meaning, exchange ideas and feelings, and
to share significant life experience. To encode a message appropriately requires a clear
understanding of the receiver’s mental frame of reference (e.g., feelings, personal agendas, past
experiences) and knowledge of its purpose or intent of the communication.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 7
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
12. In the circular transactional model of communication,
a. questions are framed in order to recognize the context of the message.
b. people take only complementary roles in the communication.
c. the context of the communication is unimportant.
d. the purpose of communication is to influence the receiver.
ANS: A
A circular model expands linear models to include the context of the communication, feedback
loops, and validation. With this model, the sender and receiver construct a mental picture of the
other, which influences the message and includes perceptions of the other person’s attitude and
potential reaction to the message.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 8
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
13. The nurse recognizes that feedback loops
a. do not allow for correction of original information.
b. are solely based on the General Systems Theory.
c. do not allow for validation of information.
d. allow the human system to correct its original information.
ANS: D
Feedback (from the receiver or the environment) allows the system to correct or maintain its
original information. Feedback loops (from the receiver, or the environment) validate the
information, or allow the human system to correct its original information. General Systems
Theory, initially described by Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1968), focuses on process and
interconnected relationships comprising the “whole.”
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 8
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
