Summary
samenvatting filosofie UA
- Course
- Institution
Volledige samenvatting van de lessen filosofie van Marlies De Munck + notities genomen tijdens de lessen.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
danielboonen
Content preview
FILOSOFIEINHOUDSOPGAVE
Thema 1: ethiek ............................................................................................................................................... 6
Begrippenkader ........................................................................................................................ 6
Afbakening van de ethiek .............................................................................................................................. 6
Rechtvaardiging ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Het funderingsprobleem........................................................................................................... 7
Uit feiten geen normen ................................................................................................................................. 7
Geen ultieme fundering................................................................................................................................. 7
Tussen objectivisme en relativisme ............................................................................................................... 8
Het probleem van het relativisme ................................................................................................................. 8
Vrijheid, authenticiteit en geluk ................................................................................................ 9
Het goede leven ............................................................................................................................................. 9
Vrijheid .......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Authenticiteit ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Geluk ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
Utilitarisme versus ethiek van Kant ......................................................................................... 10
HET JUISTE LEVEN ........................................................................................................................................ 10
UTILITARISME .............................................................................................................................................. 10
BENTHAM .................................................................................................................................................... 11
VOORBEELD: Peter Singers effectief altruïsme ........................................................................................... 11
RECHTVAARDIGINGSCRITERIUM ................................................................................................................. 11
KRITIEK ......................................................................................................................................................... 11
Voorbeeld uitbuiting.................................................................................................................................... 12
Voorbeeld individueel versus collectief belang ........................................................................................... 12
1
, KANT ............................................................................................................................................................ 12
DE ETHIEK VAN KANT................................................................................................................................... 12
CATEGORISCHE IMPERATIEF ........................................................................................................................ 13
gladiatorenspelen ........................................................................................................................................ 13
KRITIEK ......................................................................................................................................................... 13
UTILITARISME // ETHIEK VAN KANT .......................................................................................................... 14
Centrale begrippen ...................................................................................................................................... 14
CASUS 1: Biodiversiteit en klimaat ................................................................................................................. 15
Morele verantwoordelijkheid in het antropoceen .......................................................................................... 15
ANTROPOCEEN....................................................................................................................... 15
Klimaat- en milieuvervuiling: uitdaging voor het utilitarisme ................................................... 15
Dierenrechten: uitdaging voor de Kantiaanse ethiek ............................................................... 16
ECOCIDE ................................................................................................................................. 16
ETHIEK IN HET ANTROPOCEEN ................................................................................................ 16
EVA MEIJER, ‘Dennen’ in Vuurduin, Aantekeningen bij een wereld die verdwijnt, Lemniscaat,
2021....................................................................................................................................... 17
BRUNO LATOUR, ‘Het lijkt wel alsof we op verschillende planeten leven’ – een denkbeeldig
planetarium ........................................................................................................................... 18
in: Het parlement van de dingen. Over Gaia en de representatie van niet-mensen, Boom, 2021.
.............................................................................................................................................. 18
THEMA 2: SOCIALE EN POLITIEKe FILOSOFIE ................................................................................................... 20
‘de rechtvaardige samenleving’ ..................................................................................................................... 20
politieke filosofie ................................................................................................................... 20
WAT IS POLITIEK? ........................................................................................................................................ 20
BASISBEGRIPPEN ......................................................................................................................................... 20
HET WENSELIJKE EN HET MOGELIJKE .......................................................................................................... 20
Over de relatie tussen moraal en macht ..................................................................................................... 21
Over de relatie tussen moraal en macht ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Hobbes, Aristoteles, Rousseau ................................................................................................ 21
DRIE FUNDAMENTELE POSITIES .................................................................................................................. 21
2
, HOBBES ........................................................................................................................................................ 21
ARISTOTELES ................................................................................................................................................ 22
ROUSSEAU ................................................................................................................................................... 23
DRIE FUNDAMENTELE POSITIES .................................................................................................................. 25
Denkoefening ......................................................................................................................... 26
rechtvaardigheid .................................................................................................................... 26
BEGRIPSBEPALING ....................................................................................................................................... 26
RECHTEN EN GOEDEREN ............................................................................................................................. 26
SOCIALE RECHTVAARDIGHEID ..................................................................................................................... 27
TWEE TYPES VAN RECHTVAARDIGHEID ....................................................................................................... 27
VERDELENDE RECHTVAARDIGHEID ............................................................................................................. 27
debat over de verzorgingsstaat ............................................................................................... 28
LIBERALE DEMOCRATIE ............................................................................................................................... 28
TWEE IDEOLOGISCHE STREKKINGEN ........................................................................................................... 28
JOHN RAWLS (1921-2002) ........................................................................................................................... 28
A THEORY OF JUSTICE .................................................................................................................................. 29
TWEE RECHTVAARDIGHEIDSPRINCIPES ....................................................................................................... 29
Welke commune is het rechtvaardigst? ...................................................................................................... 30
ROBERT NOZICK (1938-2002) ...................................................................................................................... 31
NACHTWAKERSSTAAT (night-watchman state) ........................................................................................... 31
Denkoefening: Rawls of Nozick?.................................................................................................................. 31
CONCLUSIE................................................................................................................................................... 32
Centrale begrippen ...................................................................................................................................... 32
CASUS 2: Democratie en populisme ................................................................................................................ 33
Chantal Mouffe, Over het politieke (2008) .............................................................................. 35
Chantal Mouffe, ‘De politiek en het politieke’ ............................................................................................ 35
David Van Reybrouck, Tegen verkiezingen (2016) .................................................................... 39
David Van Reybrouck, ‘Tijdelijk pleidooi voor een bi-representatief stelsel’ .............................................. 39
Kritiek .................................................................................................................................... 41
3
, THEMA 3: CULTUURFILOSOFIE ‘Identiteit en cultuur’ ..................................................................................... 43
HET MODERNE CULTUURBEGRIP............................................................................................. 43
WAT IS ROMANTIEK?.............................................................................................................. 43
REACTIE TEGEN DE VERLICHTING ............................................................................................ 44
MENSHEIDSGESCHIEDENIS...................................................................................................... 44
NATIONALE CULTUUR............................................................................................................. 44
WAT IS KLASSENSTRIJD? ......................................................................................................... 45
GESCHIEDENIS ALS KLASSENSTRIJD ......................................................................................... 45
DOMINANTE CULTURELE TEGENSTELLING ............................................................................... 45
BURGERLIJKE CULTUUR .......................................................................................................... 46
POLITISERING VAN HET CULTUURBEGRIP ................................................................................ 46
WAT IS MODERNITEIT? ........................................................................................................... 47
DE MODERNE STAD ................................................................................................................ 47
MODERNE CULTUUR .............................................................................................................. 47
ontwikkeling van het moderne cultuurbegrip .......................................................................... 48
Denkoefening: cultuur en strijd............................................................................................... 49
KRITIEK OP DE MODERNE CULTUUR ........................................................................................ 49
EEN FUNDAMENTELE OPPOSITIE ............................................................................................. 50
DE GEESTESWETENSCHAPPELIJKE TRADITIE ............................................................................. 50
EEN NORMATIEVE KWESTIE .................................................................................................... 51
HOGE EN LAGE CULTUUR ........................................................................................................ 51
MASSACULTUUR .................................................................................................................... 52
TELOORGANG VAN DE BESCHAVING ....................................................................................... 52
TERUGVAL IN DE BARBARIJ ..................................................................................................... 53
CULTUURINDUSTRIE ............................................................................................................... 53
EEN NORMATIEVE KWESTIE .................................................................................................... 53
DE WAARDE VAN DE NIEUWE MEDIA ...................................................................................... 54
TWEE CONCEPTIES VAN KUNST ............................................................................................... 54
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller danielboonen. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.93. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
78998 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now