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HSA Midterm Questions with solutions 2023
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Exam of 6 pages for the course HSA at HSA (HSA Midterm)
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HSA MidtermAnnual U.S. healthcare expenditures far outstrip those of twelve other developed
nations. In relationship with expenditures, U.S. health population status ranking on
critical indicators in comparison with other developed nations is: - answer Much
lower
The ACA will provide new access to health care for millions of Americans. However,
health services researchers caution about overstating the link between insurance and
health. The basis for their caution is: - answer Improvements in population health will
require merging public health concepts into personal medical care approaches.
Problems of the healthcare delivery system are historically rooted in balancing cost,
quality, and access. These problems generated competition between the government
and private sectors in the 1990s, best characterized by which of the following? - answer
Market-oriented changes, competition, and privately organized managed care programs
In the past, patient behaviors were formed from the authoritarian positions of better-
educated providers who expected patients to be compliant and grateful. Today,
healthcare providers and consumers: - answer Increasingly engage in "shared
decision-making."
In the natural history of a disease, the pre-pathogenesis period refers to: - answer
Behavioral, genetic, environmental, and other factors that may contribute to an
individual's likelihood of contracting a disease.
Of the levels of prevention associated with the natural history of disease, primary
prevention refers to: - answer Health education and specific protections such as
immunizations.
The natural history of disease is best described as: - answer A matrix used by
epidemiologists and health services planners that places everything known about a
particular disease or condition in the sequence of its origin and progression when
untreated.
Secondary prevention describes - answer Early detection and prompt treatment of a
disease or condition to achieve an early cure, if possible, or to slow progression,
prevent complications, and limit disability.
Tertiary prevention describes: - answer Rehabilitation and maximizing remaining
functional capacity when a disease or condition has occurred with residual damage to
physical functionality.
, One reason why employers are a major stakeholder group in the healthcare industry is:
- answer Their payment of a high proportion of healthcare costs.
In its early origins in colonial America, the patient/physician relationship can be best
characterized as: - answer Personal, confidential, and simple, with payments based
on patients' ability to pay.
As early as the 1800s, some Americans carried "health insurance" through employers,
fraternal orders, guilds, trade unions, or commercial insurance companies. However,
unlike the health insurance of today, these insurance policies only provided for: -
answer Fixed payments to compensate for lost wages due to injury, sickness, or
disability.
Blue Cross Hospital Insurance, the predominant form of health insurance for decades,
was modeled after: - answer Baylor University Hospital's school teachers plan.
The American Medical Association's initial reaction to Blue Cross hospital insurance
plans suggested that the plans: - answer Were economically unsound and unethical.
Following WWII, the federal government excluded health insurance benefits from wage
and price controls and excluded workers' contributions to health insurance from taxable
income. These measures had which one of the following effects? - answer
Contributed to rapid increases in overall healthcare costs.
The most significant social legislation passed by any Congress in the history of the
United States was the: - answer Social Security Act of 1935.
The major health care advances of the second half of the 1900s were in the area of: -
answer Vaccines and antibiotics to prevent and control infectious diseases,
tranquilizers, and the birth control pill.
The primary purpose of Medicare as enacted in 1965 was to: - answer Provide
health insurance for older Americans.
The primary purpose of Medicaid as enacted in 1965 was to: - answer Provide health
insurance for low-income individuals.
The explosion of science and technology in the 1970s resulted in which of the
following? - answer -Encouragement for physician specialization.
-Hospitals; major capital investments in high-technology imaging equipment.
-Higher healthcare costs.
Establishment of the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information
Technology in 2004 was the federal government's first step toward creating: - answer
a nationwide health network
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