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Samenvatting collegeaantekeningen 'Cel tot Molecuul' Thema 4
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HC 12 & 13: GLUCOSE EN VETMETABOLISME 1DEEL I (GLUCOSE)
Metabolisme = alle chemische processen die plaatsvinden in een cel
- Anabolisme (assimilatie, kost E)
- Katabolisme (dissimilatie, levert E)
Carrier moleculen die energie dragen:
- ATP = nucleotide met 3 energierijke fosfaatgroepen, bij afsplitsing komt
energie vrij
- NADH = drager elektronen, co-enzym
- FADH2 = drager elektronen
- Co-enzym A = zwavelgroep waarmee aan A groepen kan worden
gebonden, hoog energetische verbinding. Bij binding van zo’n groep
ontstaat acetyl-coA
Glucose katabolisme
, Stap 1: glycolyse (in cytoplasma)
- 1 glucose 2 pyruvaat
- Aan 1 glucose worden 2 fosfaatgroepen gehangen (energie nodig,
investering)
- Splitsing tot 2
suikermoleculen met 3 C-
atomen
- Omzetting tot pyruvaat
waarbij energie vrijkomt
- -2 ATP, +4 ATP, +2 NADH
(netto: + 2 ATP, + 2 NADH)
- Ontstane pyruvaat
transporteert naar
mitochondrièn
CO2 splitst af
NADH + H+ ontstaan
Er bindt co-enzym A
Product: acetyl-coA
Acetyl-coA citroenzuurcyclus:
- Wordt gekoppeld aan oxaloacetaat
(vormt 6 c-atomen = citroenzuur)
- Citroenzuur wordt doormiddel van
reacties weer omgezet in oxaloacetaat (6
4, dus 2 keer CO2 vrij)
- 3 NADH + FADH2 + ATP
Totale energie is nu 3 ATP. Hoe meer E?
Oxidatieve fosforylering
Oxidatieve fosforylering:
- Vindt plaats op
binnenmembraan
mitochondriën
- Elektronen via
transportketen
- e- wordt afgegeven aan
complex 1, springt naar
volgende complexen
- elektronen zorgen voor
energie zodat complexen
protonen kunnen pompen
naar de tussenmatrix
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